F.Y.B.A. – June, 2008
S.Y.B.A. – June, 2009
T.Y.B.A. – June, 2010
F.Y.B.A.
G-1 Gg-110 Physical Geography
S.Y.B.A.
G-2 Gg-210 Geography of Human Resources
OR
G-2 Gg-210 Geography and Natural Hazards
S-1 Gg-220 India : A Geographical Analysis
OR
S-1Gg-220 China : A Geographical Analysis
S-2Gg-201 Fundamentals of Geographical Analysis
T.Y.B.A.
G-3 Gg-310 Geography of Tropical Agriculture
OR
G-3Gg-310 Geography of Travel and Tourism
S-3Gg-320 Fundamental Concepts in Geography
OR
S-3Gg-320 Contemporary Issues and Geography
S-4Gg-301 Techniques of Spatial Analysis
University of Pune
Syllabus Equivalence of T.Y.B.A Geography
From June 2010
Sr.
No
.
Course
Code
Old Structure Revised Structure
1. G-3
Gg-310
G-3
Gg-310
Resource and
Environment
Or
Geography of Tourism
G-3
Gg-310
G-3
Gg-310
Geography of Tropical
Agriculture
Or
Geography of Travel and Tourism
2. S-3
Gg-320
S-3
Gg-320
Fundamentals of GIS
Or
Geography of India
S-3
Gg-320
S-3
Gg- 320
Fundamental Concepts in
Geography
Or
Contemporary Issues and
Geography
3. S-4
Gg-301
Map Reading and
Statistical Methods
S-4
Gg-301
Techniques of Spatial Analysis
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
TYBA (Geography – S-4)
Gg. 301: Techniques of Spatial Analysis
Six periods - Per Batch of 12 Students
From June 2010
Objectives:
1. To introduce the students with SOI toposheets and to acquire the knowledge of
toposheet reading/interpretation.
2. To familiarize the students with the weather instruments and their applications in
geographical phenomena.
3. To acquaint the students with IMD weather maps and to gain the knowledge of
weather map reading/interpretation.
4. To train the students in elementary statistics as an essential part of geography.
Section - I
SOI Toposheets, Weather Instruments and IMD Weather Maps
Unit
No.
Unit Sub Unit No. of
periods
1 Toposheets a. Introduction to Survey of India (SOI) toposheets,
marginal information, grid reference, conventional signs
and symbols
b. Types of toposheet/Indexing of toposheets
i. 1: 1000000/Million sheet
ii. 1:250000/Degree sheet/Quarter inch sheet
iii. 1:100000/Half inch sheet
iv. 1:50000/One inch sheet
v. 1:25000
09
2 Profile a. Vertical exaggeration
b. Drawing and description of cross profile of any
region
c. Drawing and description of longitudinal profile of a
road or a river
09
3 Toposheet
reading
a. Reading of at least three SOI toposheets one each
for plain, plateau and mountainous/hilly region
b. One day field excursion for orientation of toposheet,
observation and identification of geographical features
and preparation of a brief report
15
4 Weather
instruments
(Mechanism,
Functions and
Usages)
a. Measurement of temperature
i. Simple thermometer ii. Maximum and minimum
thermometer iii. Thermograph
b. Measurement of humidity
i. Dry and wet bulb thermometer
ii. Hygrograph
c. Measurement of precipitation
i. Rain gauge
d. Measurement of air pressure
09
i. Aneroid barometer
ii. Barograph
e. Measurement of wind direction and velocity
i. Wind vane
ii. Cup anemometer
5 Weather maps a. Introduction to weather maps
b. Symbols in Daily weather report used by India
Meteorological Department (IMD)
03
6 Isobaric
patterns
a. Drawing of isobaric patterns and associated
weather- cyclone, anticyclone, ridge, trough, wedge,
secondary depression, col
06
7 Weather map
reading
a. Reading of weather map of three seasons
i. summer ii. Monsoon iii. winter
b. One day visit to nearby weather station of IMD
06
Section II
Statistical Techniques
8 Geographical
data
a. Spatial and Temporal data
b. Discrete and Continuous series
c. Grouped and Ungrouped data
06
9 Measures of
central
tendency
a. Meaning and description of central tendencies- Mean,
Mode, Median
b. Calculation of Mean, Mode, Median for ungrouped
and grouped data (two examples each)
12
10 Measures of
dispersion
a. Variance and Standard deviation for ungrouped and
grouped data (two examples each)
12
11 Testing of
hypothesis
a. Meaning and definition(s) of
i. Null and Alternative hypothesis
ii. Level of significance (Rejection level)
iii. Degrees of freedom
iv. Parametric and Non-parametric tests
b. Application of following tests
i. Chi-square test (One-sample case only)
ii. Student’s t-test (Comparison of sample means)
15
12 Correlation
and Regression
a. Concept of bivariate correlation and regression
b. Meaning of coefficient of correlation
c. Calculation of Pearson’s Product-Method
Correlation Coefficient (Two examples)
d. Calculation of Spearman Rank order
Coefficient (Two examples)
15
13 Field
Excursion/
Village Survey
Report
a. One short tour of two days duration and
preparation of tour report OR One long tour of
more than five days duration anywhere in the
country and preparation of tour report OR Village
survey and preparation of report
--
Notes:
1. Use of Map Stencil, log table, calculator and computer are allowed.
2. Journal should be completed and duly certified by practical In-charge and Head of
the
department.
3. Candidate should not be allowed for examination without certified journal and tour
report/village
survey report.
Reference books:
1. Ahirrao, D. Y. and Karanjkhele, E.K., 2002. Pratyakshik Bhugol, Sudarshan
Publication, Nashik.
2. Ebdon, D., 1977. Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach, Basil Blackwell,
Oxford.
3. Hammond, R. and McCullagh, P.S., 1977. Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An
Introduction, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
4. Jog, S.R. and Saptarshi, P.G., 1980. Sankhiki Bhugol, Narendra Publications, Pune.
5. Karlekar, S.N. and Kale, M., 2006. Statistical Analysis of Geographical Data, Diamond
Publications, Pune.
6. Kumbhar, A., 2000. Pratyakshik Bhugol, Sumeru Publications, Mumbai.
7. Lutgens, F.K. and Tarbuck, E.J., 2007. The Atmosphere. Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs,
New Jersey, USA.
8. Monkhouse, F.J. and Wilkinson, H.R., 1971. Maps and Diagrams. Methuen and Co.
Ltd.,
London. UK.
9. Ramamurthy, K., 1982. Map Interpretation, Rex Printers, Madras.
10. Siddhartha, K., 2006. Geography Through Maps, Kisalaya Publications Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi.
11. Singh, G., 2005. Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
12. Singh, L.R. and Singh, R., 1973. Map Work and Practical Geography, Central Book
Depot, Allahabad.
13. Singh, R.L., 2005. Elements of Practical Geography. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
14. Singh, R.L., and Dutt, P.K., 1968. Elements of Practical Geography, Students’ Friends,
Allahabad.
15. Strahler, A.A. and Strahler, A. N., 2002. Physical Geography: Science and Systems of
the
Human Environment, John Wiley & Sons, INC.
16. Strahler, A.H. and Strahler, A. N., 1992. Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley
&
Sons, INC.
17. Strahler, A.N., 1965. Introduction to Physical Geography, John Wiley & Sons,
INC.
18. Websites of internet.
19. Dr. P. G. Saptarshi and dr. S. R. Jog (1991) Statistical Methods (Marathi).
University of Pune
T.Y. B.A. (G-3)
Gg – 310 : GEOGRAPHY OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE
From June 2010
Section - I
Sr. No. Topics Subtopics Subunits Periods
1. Introduction
to Agricultural
Geography
1. Meaning Nature and
scope
2. Approaches to study the
Agriculture Geography
1. Nature scope and significance
of Agricultural Geography –
2. Approaches
1) Systematic approach
2) Commodity approach
3) Regional approach
4) Recent approach.
10
2. Significance of
Agriculture
Role of agriculture in
Tropical region
1. Significance of agriculture in
Tropical region
2. Importance of agriculture in
the Indian economy.
04
3. Determinants of
Agriculture in
Tropical Region.
Physical, economic, social
and technological factors.
1. Relief, climate, soil
2. Land holding, marketing,
transport
3. Irrigation
4. Mechanization.
5. Biochemical inputs (Manures,
Fertilizers and Pesticides)
08
4. Agricultural types in
Tropical Region
Subsistence and
commercial agriculture
their characteristics and
problems
1. Shifting cultivation
2. Intensive subsistent farming.
3.Mixed farming
4. Plantation agriculture
08
5. Problems and
Prospects of
Tropical Agriculture
Problems 1) Droughts over irrigation
2) Over Irrigation
3) Land Fragmentation
4) Marketing
05
6. Role of Irrigation in
Tropical Agriculture
1.Need of irrigation
2.Types of Irrigation
1. Importance of irrigation in
tropical agriculture
2.Types of irrigation:
Canals, Tanks, Well, Bore-well.
3.Methods of irrigation:
Drip-irrigation, Sprinkler
irrigation and Flow irrigation
05
Section - II
7. Dry land Farming Definition, concept and
characteristics
Definition, concept and
characteristics of dry land
farming; Extent and significance
of dry land farming in Indian
agriculture.
06
8. Watershed
Management
1.Concept
2.Methods of watershed
management
1. Concept of watershed
management.
2. CCT, Kitiware, Nala
Bunding.
06
9. Allied areas in
agriculture
and
Agricultural
Development
A) Role of allied areas of
agriculture in Tropical
region
B) Modern techniques
used in Tropical
Agriculture
Dairy farming, Poultry, Sheep
and goat farming
Agro –Tourism,
Bee keeping, Nursery
Biotechnology
Poly houses
Tissue culture
Food processing
12
10. Sustainable
Agricultural
Practices in Tropical
Region
Ecological conservation. Organic farming, Crop rotation
and group plantation, pest, weed
management
04
11. Agriculture in India Land-use pattern and
regional pattern of
productivity in India
Green revolution, wasteland
development.
Emerging Issues:
1.) Food security
2) Employment in agriculture
sector: land-less labours, types of
workers.
3) Precision Farming – Use of
modern technology: Remote
Sensing, GIS and GPS
4) Corporate farming.
12
Reference Books:
1. Baylis Smith T.P. (1987), “The Ecology of Agricultural System”, Cambridge
University Press, London
2. Gregory H. P. (1970), “Geography of Agricultural”, Prentice Hall New York
3. Hartshorn T. N. and Alexander J.W. (1988), “Economic Geography”, Prentice
Hall
New York
4. Terrnt J. R. (1974), “Agricultural Geography”. Wiley Publications, New York
5. L. J. Symon (1978), “Agricultural Geography”, Bell and hyman, London
6. Husain, Majid. (1999), “Agricultural Geography”, Rawat Pub. New Delhi
7. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. (1984), “Agricultural Geography”, 2nd edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
8. Wigley, G. (1981), Tropical Agriculture: The Development of Production, 4th
edition,
Arnold, London.
9. Saptarshi P. G., More J. C., Ugale V.R., Musmade A. H. (2009), “India A
Geographical Analysis”. Diamond, Pune.
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
T.Y., B.A.
Gg 310: Geography of Travel and Tourism – G-3
From June 2010
SECTION – I
Sr.
No.
Topic Subtopic Learning Points Periods
1. Nature and
Scope
(A) Definition
and Nature
(B) Scope and
Extent
(C) Concept of
tourism-
1) Definition of Tourists and Tourism.
2) Relation between Geography and
Tourism.
3) Importance of Tourism.
4) Concept of recreation and Leisure.
1) Tourism and Travel as basic needs of
mankind.
2) Tourism and Development.
3) Tourism as product
4) Tourism Promotion
1) Ecotourism
2) Agro-tourism
3) Heritage tourism
4) Adventure tourism
08
2. Factors
affecting
Tourism
Development
(A) Physical
(B) Cultural
1) Relief-Mountain, Lakes, Beaches,
Coasts, Water fall, Hot springs.
2) Climate- Hill station, Health resorts.
3) Vegetation-National parks and
Sanctuaries.
1) Religions and Pilgrimage centres.
2) Historical monuments.
3) Centres of tribal culture folk and
festival.
4) Temples.
5) Sports centres.
6) Dams and reservoirs.
7) Major industrial Town and Planned
cities.
(Example related to India).
08
3. Classification
of
tourists
(A) Nationality
(B) Time of
Travel
(C) Travel
Distance
(D) Number of
Tourists
(E) Purpose of
Travel
1) International.
2) Domestic.
1) Long haul, short haul, holiday tourists,
day trippers.
1) Global, continental, Regional and local.
1) Individual and groups.
1) Recreation, Heritage, Nature,
Religious, Health, Sports.
08
4. Role of
Transportation
(A) Mode of
Transportation.
1) Air, Rail, Road Water Ways. 08
in Tourism
(B) Agencies and
Guides
1) World Organizations, National
organisations
2) Private agencies.-National,
International
3) Role of guides in tourism.
4) Licensing and recognition of guides.
5) Training Programme for Guides.
5. Role of
Accommodati
on in Tourism
Accommodation
Types
1) Hotels, Motels, inn, Saraies,
Dharmashalas.
2) Govt. Accommodation, Tourist homes.
3) Youth Hostels, Cottages, Tents,
Caravans.
4) Rail Yatri Bhavan, House Boats
5) Private accommodations and
unrecognized accommodations.
08
SECTION – II
6. Impact of
Tourism
(A) Economic
impact
(B) Physical and
Environmental
impacts
(C) Socialcultural
impacts
1. Tourism as an economic activity
a) Effect on foreign exchange.
b) Employment generation.
c) Increase in trading activities.
d) Increase in Land values.
e) Increase in Govt. revenues.
f) Infrastructure development
(1) a). Land Degradation
(2) b). Coastal pollution
(3) c). Loss plants and animals life
(4) d). Solid Waste and Littering
(5) e). Deforestation and forest fire
(6) f). Air and water pollution
a). New colonialism
b). Crime and Gambling activities
c). Religion
d). Language
e) Health
f) Traditional arts
15
7. Development
and Planning
(A) Levels of
Planning
(B) Tourism
Planning in
India
a). International level planning , National
level planning, Regional and Local planning
a). Development of tourism in India and
Maharashtra
b). Tourism policies of India and
Maharashtra
08
8. Evaluation of
Potentials and
Tourism
Assessment of
regions ability to
attract tourists
a) Physical factors
b) Cultural factors
c) Social factors.
08
9. Case studies
of Major
Tourist
Centers
(A) Hill stations
(B) Beach points
(C Historical
centres
Mahabaleshwar and Shimala
Dive-Agar and Kalangut (Goa)
Rigarh, Janjira, Tajmahal
09
(D) Caves and
Temples
(E) Religious
Centres
(F) National
Parks
(G) Dams
Ellora, Tirupati Temple
Shirdi, Vaishnav devi
Melghat, Kaziranga, Bhimashankar, Gir.
Nathsagar and Sardar Sarovar
Reference Books:
1. A Geography of Tourism: Robinson H. (1996)
2. Tourism Development, Principles and Practices: Bhatia A.K., Sterling Publisher Ltd.,
New Delhi
3. Geography of Tourism and Recreation: S. N. Singh (1985)
4. Tourism Today: A Geographical Analysis: Douglas Pearce (1987)
5. Tourism: Economic Physical and Social Impact: Mathiseson A. and Wall C, Logman,
U.K.
6. India : A Tourist Paradise: Manoj Das.
7. Tourism Today: An Indian Perspectives: Maneet Kumar
8. Geography of Travel and Tourism: Hudman L.E.
9. Successful Tourism Management: Seth P.N. (1985) Sterling Publisher Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Tourism Analysis: Smith S.L.J.
11. Tourism in India: Gupta V.K.
12. Dynamics of Tourism: Kaul R. N., Sterline Publisher Ltd.
13. Geography of Tourism: S.B. Shinde, Phadke Prakashan, Kolhapur 2
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
T.Y.B.A. (S-3)
Gg-320: Fundamental Concepts in Geography
From June 2010
SECTION I
Sr.
No.
Topic Subtopic Learning Points Periods
Reference Books:
1. Coffey, W. J. (1981): Geography: Towards a general spatial systems approach,
Methuen, Landon.
2. Dixit R. D. (1997): Geographical Thought- A contextual history of ideas, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi
3. Frazier, J. W. (1982): Applied Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
1 Development of
Geographical
Thought
Historical
development
Concepts
Contributions of different scholars:
Herodotus, Ptolemy, Al- Masudi,
Immanual kant, Friedrich Ratzel,
Ellsworth Huntington
Principle of Unity in diversity, Die
Erdkunde, Principle of terrestrial unity
14
2 Concepts in
Physical
Geography
Basic
Mechanisms of
climatic
change and sea
level changes
1.Davis cycle of erosion
2.Climate change: External and
Internal causes
3.Causes and consequences of sea
level changes
4. Weather forecasting
12
3 Concepts in
Human Geography
- I
Population
Settlement
Demographic transition
Characteristics of CBD, Rural urban
fringe and growth of satellite towns
14
SECTION II
4 Concepts in
Human Geography
- II
Economic
Geography
Agriculture
Geography
Political
Geography
Measures of economic development,
Levels of Development: Rostow’s and
Webers models.
Von Thunen Model of land use
Concept of Nation- State, Frontiers
and boundaries
Heartland and Rimland, Geopolitics
14
5 Dualism in
Geography
Dualism and
Dichotomies in
Geography
1. Determinism and Possibilism
2. Systematic versus Regional
Geography
3. Physical versus Human Geography
12
6 Modern theme in
Geography
Major themes
Modern
thought
1. Positivism, Functionalism,
Existentialism, Idealism, Realism,
Marxism.
2. Applied geography, Sustainable
Development and Globalisation
14
4. Hartshone, R. (1959) Perspectives on Nature of Geography, Rand McNally and Co.
5. Husain, M. (1995): Evolution of Geographical Thought. Rawat Pub. Jaipur
6. Husain, M. (1995): Models in Geography. Rawat Pub. Jaipur
7. Knowles P and Wareing J: Economic and Social Geography, Rupa Publication
8. Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W. (2002), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.
9. P. A. Burrough and R. A. McDonnell, Principles of Geographical Information
System, 2000, Oxford University Press.
10. Smith, David, M, (1971): “Industrial Location- An Economic Geographical
Analysis”, John Wiley and Son, New York.
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
TYBA (Geography – S-3)
Gg. 320: Contemporary Issues and Geography
From June 2010
Objectives:
1. To introduce students with contemporary issues and its relation with Geography.
2. To create awareness and develop attitudes and values among the students about a
range of geographical issues concern to people at different times and places.
3. To enable students to apply previously acquired knowledge and skills to suggest
possible solutions and participate in problem-solving.
Section I
Unit
No. Unit
Sub Unit No. of
periods
1 Introduction to
Contemporary
issues and
Geography
a. Meaning and definition of contemporary issues 08
b. Nature of contemporary issues in Geography
c. Importance of study of contemporary issues in
Geography
2 Geomorphic
issues
Causes and effects of 08
a. Landslides
b. Weathering
c. Earthquakes
3 Climatic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Floods
b. Droughts
c. Cyclones
d. Ozone depletion
e. Global warming and climate change
4 Oceanic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Tsunamis
b. El Nino and La Nino
c. Marine pollution
5 Biological issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Deforestation
b. Forest fire
c. Epidemics
Section II
6 Population issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Over population
b. Migration
c. Energy crisis
d. Urbanization
7 Economic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Poverty
b. Globalization and Liberalization
c. Regional disparity
d. Exploitation of resources
8 Social issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Terrorism
b. Conflicts due to race, religion and caste
c. HIV/AIDS
d. Unemployment
9 Political issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Wars Extremists Activity
b. Infiltration in India
c. Water politics
d. Nuclear weapons
10 Case studies of
contemporary
issues
a. Tsunami in Indian Ocean - 2004 08
b. Swine flu in Maharashtra
c. Farmers suicides in Maharashtra
Reference books:
1. Bloom, A.L., 1998. Geomorphology. A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic
Landforms. Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
2. Hamblin, W.K., 1989. The Earth’s Dynamic Systems, Macmillan Publishing
Company, New York.
3. Kale, V.S. and Gupta, A., 2001. Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient
Longman, Calcutta.
4. Singh, S., 1998. Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.
5. Lutgens, F.K. and Tarbuck, E.J., 2007. The Atmosphere. Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
6. Strahler, A.A. and Strahler, A. N., 2002. Physical Geography: Science and Systems of
the Human Environment, John Wiley and Sons, INC.
7. Ross, D. A., 1988. Introduction to Oceanography. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
8. Huggett, D.A., 2004. Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routledge.
9. Chandna, R. C., 2000. A Geography of Population, Concepts, Determinants and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
10. Knox, P. and Agnew J., 1998. The Geography of the World Economy, Arnold,
London.
11. Saptarshi P. G., More J. C., Ugale V. R. (2009), “Geography and Natural Hazard”
Diamond, Pune.
S.Y.B.A. – June, 2009
T.Y.B.A. – June, 2010
F.Y.B.A.
G-1 Gg-110 Physical Geography
S.Y.B.A.
G-2 Gg-210 Geography of Human Resources
OR
G-2 Gg-210 Geography and Natural Hazards
S-1 Gg-220 India : A Geographical Analysis
OR
S-1Gg-220 China : A Geographical Analysis
S-2Gg-201 Fundamentals of Geographical Analysis
T.Y.B.A.
G-3 Gg-310 Geography of Tropical Agriculture
OR
G-3Gg-310 Geography of Travel and Tourism
S-3Gg-320 Fundamental Concepts in Geography
OR
S-3Gg-320 Contemporary Issues and Geography
S-4Gg-301 Techniques of Spatial Analysis
University of Pune
Syllabus Equivalence of T.Y.B.A Geography
From June 2010
Sr.
No
.
Course
Code
Old Structure Revised Structure
1. G-3
Gg-310
G-3
Gg-310
Resource and
Environment
Or
Geography of Tourism
G-3
Gg-310
G-3
Gg-310
Geography of Tropical
Agriculture
Or
Geography of Travel and Tourism
2. S-3
Gg-320
S-3
Gg-320
Fundamentals of GIS
Or
Geography of India
S-3
Gg-320
S-3
Gg- 320
Fundamental Concepts in
Geography
Or
Contemporary Issues and
Geography
3. S-4
Gg-301
Map Reading and
Statistical Methods
S-4
Gg-301
Techniques of Spatial Analysis
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
TYBA (Geography – S-4)
Gg. 301: Techniques of Spatial Analysis
Six periods - Per Batch of 12 Students
From June 2010
Objectives:
1. To introduce the students with SOI toposheets and to acquire the knowledge of
toposheet reading/interpretation.
2. To familiarize the students with the weather instruments and their applications in
geographical phenomena.
3. To acquaint the students with IMD weather maps and to gain the knowledge of
weather map reading/interpretation.
4. To train the students in elementary statistics as an essential part of geography.
Section - I
SOI Toposheets, Weather Instruments and IMD Weather Maps
Unit
No.
Unit Sub Unit No. of
periods
1 Toposheets a. Introduction to Survey of India (SOI) toposheets,
marginal information, grid reference, conventional signs
and symbols
b. Types of toposheet/Indexing of toposheets
i. 1: 1000000/Million sheet
ii. 1:250000/Degree sheet/Quarter inch sheet
iii. 1:100000/Half inch sheet
iv. 1:50000/One inch sheet
v. 1:25000
09
2 Profile a. Vertical exaggeration
b. Drawing and description of cross profile of any
region
c. Drawing and description of longitudinal profile of a
road or a river
09
3 Toposheet
reading
a. Reading of at least three SOI toposheets one each
for plain, plateau and mountainous/hilly region
b. One day field excursion for orientation of toposheet,
observation and identification of geographical features
and preparation of a brief report
15
4 Weather
instruments
(Mechanism,
Functions and
Usages)
a. Measurement of temperature
i. Simple thermometer ii. Maximum and minimum
thermometer iii. Thermograph
b. Measurement of humidity
i. Dry and wet bulb thermometer
ii. Hygrograph
c. Measurement of precipitation
i. Rain gauge
d. Measurement of air pressure
09
i. Aneroid barometer
ii. Barograph
e. Measurement of wind direction and velocity
i. Wind vane
ii. Cup anemometer
5 Weather maps a. Introduction to weather maps
b. Symbols in Daily weather report used by India
Meteorological Department (IMD)
03
6 Isobaric
patterns
a. Drawing of isobaric patterns and associated
weather- cyclone, anticyclone, ridge, trough, wedge,
secondary depression, col
06
7 Weather map
reading
a. Reading of weather map of three seasons
i. summer ii. Monsoon iii. winter
b. One day visit to nearby weather station of IMD
06
Section II
Statistical Techniques
8 Geographical
data
a. Spatial and Temporal data
b. Discrete and Continuous series
c. Grouped and Ungrouped data
06
9 Measures of
central
tendency
a. Meaning and description of central tendencies- Mean,
Mode, Median
b. Calculation of Mean, Mode, Median for ungrouped
and grouped data (two examples each)
12
10 Measures of
dispersion
a. Variance and Standard deviation for ungrouped and
grouped data (two examples each)
12
11 Testing of
hypothesis
a. Meaning and definition(s) of
i. Null and Alternative hypothesis
ii. Level of significance (Rejection level)
iii. Degrees of freedom
iv. Parametric and Non-parametric tests
b. Application of following tests
i. Chi-square test (One-sample case only)
ii. Student’s t-test (Comparison of sample means)
15
12 Correlation
and Regression
a. Concept of bivariate correlation and regression
b. Meaning of coefficient of correlation
c. Calculation of Pearson’s Product-Method
Correlation Coefficient (Two examples)
d. Calculation of Spearman Rank order
Coefficient (Two examples)
15
13 Field
Excursion/
Village Survey
Report
a. One short tour of two days duration and
preparation of tour report OR One long tour of
more than five days duration anywhere in the
country and preparation of tour report OR Village
survey and preparation of report
--
Notes:
1. Use of Map Stencil, log table, calculator and computer are allowed.
2. Journal should be completed and duly certified by practical In-charge and Head of
the
department.
3. Candidate should not be allowed for examination without certified journal and tour
report/village
survey report.
Reference books:
1. Ahirrao, D. Y. and Karanjkhele, E.K., 2002. Pratyakshik Bhugol, Sudarshan
Publication, Nashik.
2. Ebdon, D., 1977. Statistics in Geography: A Practical Approach, Basil Blackwell,
Oxford.
3. Hammond, R. and McCullagh, P.S., 1977. Quantitative Techniques in Geography: An
Introduction, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
4. Jog, S.R. and Saptarshi, P.G., 1980. Sankhiki Bhugol, Narendra Publications, Pune.
5. Karlekar, S.N. and Kale, M., 2006. Statistical Analysis of Geographical Data, Diamond
Publications, Pune.
6. Kumbhar, A., 2000. Pratyakshik Bhugol, Sumeru Publications, Mumbai.
7. Lutgens, F.K. and Tarbuck, E.J., 2007. The Atmosphere. Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs,
New Jersey, USA.
8. Monkhouse, F.J. and Wilkinson, H.R., 1971. Maps and Diagrams. Methuen and Co.
Ltd.,
London. UK.
9. Ramamurthy, K., 1982. Map Interpretation, Rex Printers, Madras.
10. Siddhartha, K., 2006. Geography Through Maps, Kisalaya Publications Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi.
11. Singh, G., 2005. Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
12. Singh, L.R. and Singh, R., 1973. Map Work and Practical Geography, Central Book
Depot, Allahabad.
13. Singh, R.L., 2005. Elements of Practical Geography. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
14. Singh, R.L., and Dutt, P.K., 1968. Elements of Practical Geography, Students’ Friends,
Allahabad.
15. Strahler, A.A. and Strahler, A. N., 2002. Physical Geography: Science and Systems of
the
Human Environment, John Wiley & Sons, INC.
16. Strahler, A.H. and Strahler, A. N., 1992. Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley
&
Sons, INC.
17. Strahler, A.N., 1965. Introduction to Physical Geography, John Wiley & Sons,
INC.
18. Websites of internet.
19. Dr. P. G. Saptarshi and dr. S. R. Jog (1991) Statistical Methods (Marathi).
University of Pune
T.Y. B.A. (G-3)
Gg – 310 : GEOGRAPHY OF TROPICAL AGRICULTURE
From June 2010
Section - I
Sr. No. Topics Subtopics Subunits Periods
1. Introduction
to Agricultural
Geography
1. Meaning Nature and
scope
2. Approaches to study the
Agriculture Geography
1. Nature scope and significance
of Agricultural Geography –
2. Approaches
1) Systematic approach
2) Commodity approach
3) Regional approach
4) Recent approach.
10
2. Significance of
Agriculture
Role of agriculture in
Tropical region
1. Significance of agriculture in
Tropical region
2. Importance of agriculture in
the Indian economy.
04
3. Determinants of
Agriculture in
Tropical Region.
Physical, economic, social
and technological factors.
1. Relief, climate, soil
2. Land holding, marketing,
transport
3. Irrigation
4. Mechanization.
5. Biochemical inputs (Manures,
Fertilizers and Pesticides)
08
4. Agricultural types in
Tropical Region
Subsistence and
commercial agriculture
their characteristics and
problems
1. Shifting cultivation
2. Intensive subsistent farming.
3.Mixed farming
4. Plantation agriculture
08
5. Problems and
Prospects of
Tropical Agriculture
Problems 1) Droughts over irrigation
2) Over Irrigation
3) Land Fragmentation
4) Marketing
05
6. Role of Irrigation in
Tropical Agriculture
1.Need of irrigation
2.Types of Irrigation
1. Importance of irrigation in
tropical agriculture
2.Types of irrigation:
Canals, Tanks, Well, Bore-well.
3.Methods of irrigation:
Drip-irrigation, Sprinkler
irrigation and Flow irrigation
05
Section - II
7. Dry land Farming Definition, concept and
characteristics
Definition, concept and
characteristics of dry land
farming; Extent and significance
of dry land farming in Indian
agriculture.
06
8. Watershed
Management
1.Concept
2.Methods of watershed
management
1. Concept of watershed
management.
2. CCT, Kitiware, Nala
Bunding.
06
9. Allied areas in
agriculture
and
Agricultural
Development
A) Role of allied areas of
agriculture in Tropical
region
B) Modern techniques
used in Tropical
Agriculture
Dairy farming, Poultry, Sheep
and goat farming
Agro –Tourism,
Bee keeping, Nursery
Biotechnology
Poly houses
Tissue culture
Food processing
12
10. Sustainable
Agricultural
Practices in Tropical
Region
Ecological conservation. Organic farming, Crop rotation
and group plantation, pest, weed
management
04
11. Agriculture in India Land-use pattern and
regional pattern of
productivity in India
Green revolution, wasteland
development.
Emerging Issues:
1.) Food security
2) Employment in agriculture
sector: land-less labours, types of
workers.
3) Precision Farming – Use of
modern technology: Remote
Sensing, GIS and GPS
4) Corporate farming.
12
Reference Books:
1. Baylis Smith T.P. (1987), “The Ecology of Agricultural System”, Cambridge
University Press, London
2. Gregory H. P. (1970), “Geography of Agricultural”, Prentice Hall New York
3. Hartshorn T. N. and Alexander J.W. (1988), “Economic Geography”, Prentice
Hall
New York
4. Terrnt J. R. (1974), “Agricultural Geography”. Wiley Publications, New York
5. L. J. Symon (1978), “Agricultural Geography”, Bell and hyman, London
6. Husain, Majid. (1999), “Agricultural Geography”, Rawat Pub. New Delhi
7. Singh, J. and Dhillon, S.S. (1984), “Agricultural Geography”, 2nd edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
8. Wigley, G. (1981), Tropical Agriculture: The Development of Production, 4th
edition,
Arnold, London.
9. Saptarshi P. G., More J. C., Ugale V.R., Musmade A. H. (2009), “India A
Geographical Analysis”. Diamond, Pune.
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
T.Y., B.A.
Gg 310: Geography of Travel and Tourism – G-3
From June 2010
SECTION – I
Sr.
No.
Topic Subtopic Learning Points Periods
1. Nature and
Scope
(A) Definition
and Nature
(B) Scope and
Extent
(C) Concept of
tourism-
1) Definition of Tourists and Tourism.
2) Relation between Geography and
Tourism.
3) Importance of Tourism.
4) Concept of recreation and Leisure.
1) Tourism and Travel as basic needs of
mankind.
2) Tourism and Development.
3) Tourism as product
4) Tourism Promotion
1) Ecotourism
2) Agro-tourism
3) Heritage tourism
4) Adventure tourism
08
2. Factors
affecting
Tourism
Development
(A) Physical
(B) Cultural
1) Relief-Mountain, Lakes, Beaches,
Coasts, Water fall, Hot springs.
2) Climate- Hill station, Health resorts.
3) Vegetation-National parks and
Sanctuaries.
1) Religions and Pilgrimage centres.
2) Historical monuments.
3) Centres of tribal culture folk and
festival.
4) Temples.
5) Sports centres.
6) Dams and reservoirs.
7) Major industrial Town and Planned
cities.
(Example related to India).
08
3. Classification
of
tourists
(A) Nationality
(B) Time of
Travel
(C) Travel
Distance
(D) Number of
Tourists
(E) Purpose of
Travel
1) International.
2) Domestic.
1) Long haul, short haul, holiday tourists,
day trippers.
1) Global, continental, Regional and local.
1) Individual and groups.
1) Recreation, Heritage, Nature,
Religious, Health, Sports.
08
4. Role of
Transportation
(A) Mode of
Transportation.
1) Air, Rail, Road Water Ways. 08
in Tourism
(B) Agencies and
Guides
1) World Organizations, National
organisations
2) Private agencies.-National,
International
3) Role of guides in tourism.
4) Licensing and recognition of guides.
5) Training Programme for Guides.
5. Role of
Accommodati
on in Tourism
Accommodation
Types
1) Hotels, Motels, inn, Saraies,
Dharmashalas.
2) Govt. Accommodation, Tourist homes.
3) Youth Hostels, Cottages, Tents,
Caravans.
4) Rail Yatri Bhavan, House Boats
5) Private accommodations and
unrecognized accommodations.
08
SECTION – II
6. Impact of
Tourism
(A) Economic
impact
(B) Physical and
Environmental
impacts
(C) Socialcultural
impacts
1. Tourism as an economic activity
a) Effect on foreign exchange.
b) Employment generation.
c) Increase in trading activities.
d) Increase in Land values.
e) Increase in Govt. revenues.
f) Infrastructure development
(1) a). Land Degradation
(2) b). Coastal pollution
(3) c). Loss plants and animals life
(4) d). Solid Waste and Littering
(5) e). Deforestation and forest fire
(6) f). Air and water pollution
a). New colonialism
b). Crime and Gambling activities
c). Religion
d). Language
e) Health
f) Traditional arts
15
7. Development
and Planning
(A) Levels of
Planning
(B) Tourism
Planning in
India
a). International level planning , National
level planning, Regional and Local planning
a). Development of tourism in India and
Maharashtra
b). Tourism policies of India and
Maharashtra
08
8. Evaluation of
Potentials and
Tourism
Assessment of
regions ability to
attract tourists
a) Physical factors
b) Cultural factors
c) Social factors.
08
9. Case studies
of Major
Tourist
Centers
(A) Hill stations
(B) Beach points
(C Historical
centres
Mahabaleshwar and Shimala
Dive-Agar and Kalangut (Goa)
Rigarh, Janjira, Tajmahal
09
(D) Caves and
Temples
(E) Religious
Centres
(F) National
Parks
(G) Dams
Ellora, Tirupati Temple
Shirdi, Vaishnav devi
Melghat, Kaziranga, Bhimashankar, Gir.
Nathsagar and Sardar Sarovar
Reference Books:
1. A Geography of Tourism: Robinson H. (1996)
2. Tourism Development, Principles and Practices: Bhatia A.K., Sterling Publisher Ltd.,
New Delhi
3. Geography of Tourism and Recreation: S. N. Singh (1985)
4. Tourism Today: A Geographical Analysis: Douglas Pearce (1987)
5. Tourism: Economic Physical and Social Impact: Mathiseson A. and Wall C, Logman,
U.K.
6. India : A Tourist Paradise: Manoj Das.
7. Tourism Today: An Indian Perspectives: Maneet Kumar
8. Geography of Travel and Tourism: Hudman L.E.
9. Successful Tourism Management: Seth P.N. (1985) Sterling Publisher Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Tourism Analysis: Smith S.L.J.
11. Tourism in India: Gupta V.K.
12. Dynamics of Tourism: Kaul R. N., Sterline Publisher Ltd.
13. Geography of Tourism: S.B. Shinde, Phadke Prakashan, Kolhapur 2
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
T.Y.B.A. (S-3)
Gg-320: Fundamental Concepts in Geography
From June 2010
SECTION I
Sr.
No.
Topic Subtopic Learning Points Periods
Reference Books:
1. Coffey, W. J. (1981): Geography: Towards a general spatial systems approach,
Methuen, Landon.
2. Dixit R. D. (1997): Geographical Thought- A contextual history of ideas, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi
3. Frazier, J. W. (1982): Applied Geography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
1 Development of
Geographical
Thought
Historical
development
Concepts
Contributions of different scholars:
Herodotus, Ptolemy, Al- Masudi,
Immanual kant, Friedrich Ratzel,
Ellsworth Huntington
Principle of Unity in diversity, Die
Erdkunde, Principle of terrestrial unity
14
2 Concepts in
Physical
Geography
Basic
Mechanisms of
climatic
change and sea
level changes
1.Davis cycle of erosion
2.Climate change: External and
Internal causes
3.Causes and consequences of sea
level changes
4. Weather forecasting
12
3 Concepts in
Human Geography
- I
Population
Settlement
Demographic transition
Characteristics of CBD, Rural urban
fringe and growth of satellite towns
14
SECTION II
4 Concepts in
Human Geography
- II
Economic
Geography
Agriculture
Geography
Political
Geography
Measures of economic development,
Levels of Development: Rostow’s and
Webers models.
Von Thunen Model of land use
Concept of Nation- State, Frontiers
and boundaries
Heartland and Rimland, Geopolitics
14
5 Dualism in
Geography
Dualism and
Dichotomies in
Geography
1. Determinism and Possibilism
2. Systematic versus Regional
Geography
3. Physical versus Human Geography
12
6 Modern theme in
Geography
Major themes
Modern
thought
1. Positivism, Functionalism,
Existentialism, Idealism, Realism,
Marxism.
2. Applied geography, Sustainable
Development and Globalisation
14
4. Hartshone, R. (1959) Perspectives on Nature of Geography, Rand McNally and Co.
5. Husain, M. (1995): Evolution of Geographical Thought. Rawat Pub. Jaipur
6. Husain, M. (1995): Models in Geography. Rawat Pub. Jaipur
7. Knowles P and Wareing J: Economic and Social Geography, Rupa Publication
8. Lillesand T.M. and Kiefer R.W. (2002), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi.
9. P. A. Burrough and R. A. McDonnell, Principles of Geographical Information
System, 2000, Oxford University Press.
10. Smith, David, M, (1971): “Industrial Location- An Economic Geographical
Analysis”, John Wiley and Son, New York.
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
TYBA (Geography – S-3)
Gg. 320: Contemporary Issues and Geography
From June 2010
Objectives:
1. To introduce students with contemporary issues and its relation with Geography.
2. To create awareness and develop attitudes and values among the students about a
range of geographical issues concern to people at different times and places.
3. To enable students to apply previously acquired knowledge and skills to suggest
possible solutions and participate in problem-solving.
Section I
Unit
No. Unit
Sub Unit No. of
periods
1 Introduction to
Contemporary
issues and
Geography
a. Meaning and definition of contemporary issues 08
b. Nature of contemporary issues in Geography
c. Importance of study of contemporary issues in
Geography
2 Geomorphic
issues
Causes and effects of 08
a. Landslides
b. Weathering
c. Earthquakes
3 Climatic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Floods
b. Droughts
c. Cyclones
d. Ozone depletion
e. Global warming and climate change
4 Oceanic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Tsunamis
b. El Nino and La Nino
c. Marine pollution
5 Biological issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Deforestation
b. Forest fire
c. Epidemics
Section II
6 Population issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Over population
b. Migration
c. Energy crisis
d. Urbanization
7 Economic issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Poverty
b. Globalization and Liberalization
c. Regional disparity
d. Exploitation of resources
8 Social issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Terrorism
b. Conflicts due to race, religion and caste
c. HIV/AIDS
d. Unemployment
9 Political issues Causes and effects of 08
a. Wars Extremists Activity
b. Infiltration in India
c. Water politics
d. Nuclear weapons
10 Case studies of
contemporary
issues
a. Tsunami in Indian Ocean - 2004 08
b. Swine flu in Maharashtra
c. Farmers suicides in Maharashtra
Reference books:
1. Bloom, A.L., 1998. Geomorphology. A Systematic Analysis of Late Cenozoic
Landforms. Pearson Education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
2. Hamblin, W.K., 1989. The Earth’s Dynamic Systems, Macmillan Publishing
Company, New York.
3. Kale, V.S. and Gupta, A., 2001. Introduction to Geomorphology, Orient
Longman, Calcutta.
4. Singh, S., 1998. Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.
5. Lutgens, F.K. and Tarbuck, E.J., 2007. The Atmosphere. Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
6. Strahler, A.A. and Strahler, A. N., 2002. Physical Geography: Science and Systems of
the Human Environment, John Wiley and Sons, INC.
7. Ross, D. A., 1988. Introduction to Oceanography. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
8. Huggett, D.A., 2004. Fundamentals of Biogeography, Routledge.
9. Chandna, R. C., 2000. A Geography of Population, Concepts, Determinants and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
10. Knox, P. and Agnew J., 1998. The Geography of the World Economy, Arnold,
London.
11. Saptarshi P. G., More J. C., Ugale V. R. (2009), “Geography and Natural Hazard”
Diamond, Pune.
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