Structure of the Syllabus M. Sc. Part II Analytical Chemistry With Effect From 2009-2010 Of Pune University

Semester III
Compulsory Courses
CH-390 : Electro analytical and Current Analytical Methods in Industries.
CH-391 : Environmental and Analysis of Industrial Materials.
CH-392 : Advanced Analytical Techniques
Optional Courses-
CH-380 : Pharmaceutical Analysis
CH-381 : Medicinal Chemistry
Semester IV
Compulsory Courses
CH-481 : Bioanalytical and Forensic Science
CH-490 : Analytical Spectroscopy
CH-491 : Polymer Technology

Practical courses-
CH-387 : Practicals (Inorganic)
CH-487 : Practicals (Physical)
CH-488 : Practicals (Organic) OR CH-498: Project
NOTE: One Industrial Visit and report writing is compulsory.
CH-380 Pharmaceutical Analysis (60L)
Section -I
1) a) Sources of Impurities in Pharmaceutical Raw Materials and Finished Products:
(2 L)
Raw materials, Method of manufacture, Contamination-atmospheric, particulate, cross
contamination, microbiological, process errors, Packing errors, chemical instability, container
contamination (in brief) physical changes, temperature effects. GMP
Ref 1. and Ref 4
b) Stability Studies, Shelf Life Fixation for Formulated Products (3 L)
2 ) Test and assay of raw materials and finished products :
a) Biological Assays : (06L)
Introduction, Precision of biological assays in brief, (estimation of errors is excluded)
Biological assay of insulin, Tetanus antitoxin, Determination of proteolytic activity,
Determination of ABO group and Rh group, Photometric haemoglobinometry, Haemolysins?
b) Chemical Tests and Assays: (5 L)
Limit test, characteristics of limit tests specificity sensitivity, control of personal errors Loss
on drying ( NaCl), loss on ignition ( ZnO),limit test for lead, arsenic chloride and sulphate,
2
moisture determination by KFR titration method, assay of steroids, and identification of
steroids (IP)
c) Analysis of vegetable drugs : (2 L)
Sampling, foreign organic matter, ash values and water soluble ash (ginger) Acid insoluble
ash (Rhubarb), sulphated ash (Aspirin.)
d) Microbiological tests and assays: (7 L)
Microbiological assay of antibiotics, (std. preparations and units of activity, test organisms
and inoculum, Apparatus, Method -Cylinder or cup plate method and two level factorial
assay ( (ampicillin from table 4 I.P.) Microbial limit test {preliminary testing, Mediumsoyabean
casein digest agar medium only)and total microbial count only }Test of sterility-
Membrane filtration method , Determination of Thiomersal
e) Physical tests and assays (5 L)
Disintegration tests (tablets, capsules, pessaries and suppositories Dissolution tests- tablets,
capsules. Reference1 and 2. (Relevant pages.)
Section –II
3) Standardization and quality control of different dosage form: (25 L)
Brief introduction to different dosage forms with the IP requirements Analytical methods for
the following- Tablets (aspirin) additives used in tablet manufacture, capsules Rifampicin)
Powders (Sodium benzoate), Solutions (saline NaCl) Suspensions(barium sulphate –limit test
for impurity) Mouthwashes(Ointments (salicylic acid) and creams Dimethicone by IR)
Injections (Mannitol) , ophthalmic preparations (sulphacteamine),Aerosols (salbutamol),
Blood products and reporting protocols.
Reference 1 and 2 (Relevant pages)
4) Role of FDA in pharmaceutical industry. (5 L)
Drug cosmetic act Definitions Drug, Misbranded , Adulterated and Spurious drug, New drug
Cosmetics ,Blood bank, Manner of labeling, GMP in brief (Schedule M), FDA. Role of FDA,
introduction to new drugs, brief summary of different phases of test and approval for
formulation of a drug.
Reference 3
Reference 4 Pages 21,22,23,26, 74, 75,140-144
References:-
1) Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry third edition volume 1. By A.H.Beckett &
J.B.Stenlake
2) Pharmacoepia of India Volume I and II.
3) Remington‘s Pharmaceutical sciences.
4) Forensic pharmacy by B.S Kuchekar, A.M Khadatare (Nirali Prakashan)
5) Practical pharmaceutical analysis by Ashitosh Kaur
6) Analytical problems of drug substances and Exp by Florey
7) The theory and practice of Ind pharmacy Leon lachmann,Herbert Liebermann and
Joseph L.Karnic 3rd edition By Varghese Publication House, Hind Rajasthan Building
Dadar Mumbai –14
3
CH-381 Medicinal Chemistry
Section-I
Drug Design (30 L)
Part A
Definition of drug, Classification of drug on the basis of therapeutic action, pharmocophonic API
(Active pharmaceutical ingredient) chiral drugs, Development of new procedures followed in drug
design, Concept of pro-drug and soft-drug, Factor affecting bioactivity, Resonance, Inductive
effect, isosterism, bio-isosteris, spatial considerations. (5 L)
Part B:
Theories of drug activity, occupancy-theory, rate theory, induced- fit theory, Quantitative
structure- activity relationship, History and development of QSAR, Concept of drug receptors,
Elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions. (5 L)
Part C:
Physicochemical parameters lipophilicity, partition- coefficient, electronic ionization constant,
steric,Shelton and surface activity, parameters and redox potential. (5 L)
Part D:
Evaluation Methods: Free- Wilson Analysis, Hansch-analysis, relationship between Free-Wilson
and Hansch-analysis – LD50 ED50 (mathematical derivation of equation excluded).
(5 L)
Part E:
Assay of drugs (6 L)
1) Chemical assay- Wet and instrumental methods
2) Biological assay
3) Immunological assay
Part F:
Pharmacokinetics/ Pharmacodynamics
Drug absorotion, disposition, elimination, important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug
disposition and in theraupetics, uses of pharmacokinetics in drug development process, Novel
Drug delivery systems. (4 L)
Section-II (30 L)
1) Antineoplastic Agents: Intrcduction, Cancer, chemotherapy, Role of alkylating agents and
antimetabolites in treatment of cancer, Mention of carcinolytic antibiotics and mitotic inhibitors
of mechlorithamine, cyclophosphamide melphalan, uracil, mustards and 6 – mercapto-purine
Recent development in cancer chemotherapy. Hormones and natural products.
(6 L)
2) Cardiovascular Drugs: Introduction cardiovascular diseases. Drug inhibitors of peripheral
symphatetic function. Central intervention of cardiovascular output direct acting artenolar
dilators. Synthesis of amyl-nitrate, sorbitrate, diltiazel, quinidine, verapamil, methyldopa
atenolol, oxyprenolol. (6 L)
4
3) Local Antifective Drugs: Introduction and general mode of action, sulphonamides,
forazalidione, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxicin, dapsone, aminosalicylicacid, isoniazid,
ethionamide, ethambutal, econozole, griseoflulvin, chloroquin, and primoquin.
(5 L)
4) Psychoactive Drugs: Introduction neurotransmitters, CNS depresents, general anaesthetics
mode of action of hypnotics, sedatives, anti-anxiety drugs, benzodiazepines, buspirone,
neurochemistry of mental diseases, antipsychotic drugs, the neuroleptics, antidepressants,
butyrophenones, serendipity and drugs development. Sterochemical aspects of psychotropic
drugs, synthesis ofdiazepam, oxazepam, chlorazepam, alprazolam, phenytoin,
ethosuccimide,trimethadione, barbiturates, thiopental sodium, glutethimide.
(9 L)
5) Antibiotics: Cell well biosynthesis, inhibitors, β- lactamrings antibiotics inhibiting protein
synthesis. Synthesis of penicillin G, penicillin 5, ampicilin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol,
cephalosporin, tetracycline, streptomycin. (4 L)
References:
1) Introduction to medicinal chemistry. A. Gringuage, wiley-VCH.
2) Wilson and Gisvoldis text books of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, Ed Robert
F. Dorge.
3) An introduction to Drug design, S.S. Pandeya and I R Dummeck, New Age International
4) Burgers medicinal chemistry and drug discovery vol- 1(chapter 9 and 14).
5) Goodman and Gilmans pharmacological basis of therapeutics, McGraw-Hill.
6) The organic chemistry of Drug synthesis and Drug action,R.B.silverman, academic press.
7) Strategic for organic drug synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, John wiley.
8) Organic chemistry of Drug synthesis, Lednicer and Meiser, wiley, 5 volume.
9) Comprehensive medicinal chemistry 5 volume, merck index, 13th volume.
10) Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry 16 volume, R.A.Meyers.
11) Encyclopedia of industrial chemical analysis (Wiley-I science)
5
CH-390: Electrochemical and current Analytical Methods in Industries.
Section-I
Electrochemical Methods of Analysis (30 L)
1) Voltammetry and polarographic methods of analysis.
Voltammetry and polarography, electrodes, polarographic principles, Ilkovic Equation, factors
affecting on polarographic wave, pulse polarography, differential pulse polarography, square
wave polarography, Voltammeric principle, cyclic Voltammetry, criteria of reversibility of
electrochemical reactions, quasi-reversible and irreversible processes, qualitative and
quantitative analysis by these techniques. (12 L)
2) Stripping Voltammetry:
Adsorptive stripping Voltammetry and electrogravimetry. (4L)
3) Coulometry:
Instrumentations, coulometric titrations, advantages and limitations. (6L)
4) Amperometry:
Principle, Instrumentation, typical applications, amperometric titrations, chrono-amperometry
and chrono-potentiometry. (5L)
5) Nanoscience:
Synthesis of Nanomaterial by electrochemical deposition method, general applications of
nanometerial. (3L)
Section-II
Current Analytical Methods of Analysis in Industries. (30 L)
1) Radioanalytical Methods of Analysis
a) Activation analysis:
Neutron activation analysis, principle, technique, steps involved in neutron activation analysis.
Radiochemical and instrumental methods of analysis, important applications of NAA.
(6L)
b) Isotope dilution analysis:
Principle, types of isotope dilution analysis, typical applications of isotope dilution analysis.
(5L)
c) Radiometric titration:
Principle, techniques based on complex formation and precipitation, radiometric titration curves
for estimation of ions from their mixture. (3L)
d) Radio-reagent methods of analysis:
Principle, technique, application and limitation. (3L)
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2) Radiation scattering methods of analysis:
(Turbidimetry and Nephelometry ) principle, instrumentation and typical applications.
(3L)
3) Thermal methods of analysis:
Principle, instrumentation of TGA, DTA, DSC and EGA, thermometric titrations, typical
applications of each technique. (7L)
4) Spectro-electrochemistry:
Principle, applications, chemically modified electrodes and electrochemical sensors. (3L)
References:
1) Introduction to instrumental analysis by R.D.Broun, Mc Graw Hill (1987)
2) Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by H. willard, L.Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. settle.
Sixth edition CBS (1986)
3) Thermal analysis by W.W. Wendlandt, John Wiley, (1986)
4) Fundamentals of analytical chemistry by D.A.Skoog, D.M. West and H.J. Holler sixth edition
(1992)
5) J. chemical education, 60,302 to 308 (1983)
6) Cyclic Voltammetry and frontiers of electrochemistry by N.Noel and K.I. Vasu IBH, New delhi
(1990)
7) Source book of Atomic energy by Glasstone.
8) Principle of Activation Analysis- P. Kruger, John Wiley and sons, (1971).
9) Nuclear Analytical Chemistry – J. Tolgyessy and S. Verga vol. 2, university
Park press, (1972)
10) Radiochemistry and Nuclear methods – W.D. Ehmann and D.E. Vance,
John Wiley and Sons.
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CH-391: Environmental and Analysis of Industrial Materials
Section-I (30L)
1) Analysis of Fertilizers:
Sampling and sample preparation, analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen:
urea nitrogen, total Kjeldahll nitrogen methods, Ammonia nitrogen. Phosphorus: total
phosphorus, available and non-available, alkalimetric ammonium molybdophosphate method.
Potassium: potassium by sodium tetraphenyl borate method. (5 L)
2) Analysis of ceramics and glass:
Sodium and potassium by flame photometry, analysis of lead and borate glasses, analysis of Cr,
Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn by X-ray. (4 L)
3) Analysis of detergents:
General scheme of analysis, sampling, alcohol soluble materials, test for unsulfonated on
sulfated materials. (5 L)
4) Analysis of cosmetics:
Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate, urea. Analysis
of face powder: fats, fatty acid, Ca, Mg, BaSO4, Ti and Fe. Oxides of Ti, Fe and Al (total).
Analysis of hair tonic preparations: 2, 5-diaminotoluene, KBrO3, resorcinol, salicylic acid.
(4 L)
5) Analysis of paints and pigments:
Preliminary inspection of sample, Tests on the total coating, Separation of Pigment, Binder and
Thinner of Latex Paints, Separation of Pigment, Binder and Thinner of Solvent Type Coatings,
Identification of Binder, Identification and Analysis of Pigments, Identification and Analysis of
Thinner. (6 L)
6) Analysis of Explosives:
General Methods:- Heat of Explosion, Hygroscopicity, Moisture by Karl Fischer Titration,
Qualitative tests of explosives, Quantitative Analysis of Explosive Mixtures, Dynamites,
Blasting Caps and Electric Detonators, Primers, Liquid Propellants and Solid Propellants.
(6 L)
Section-II (30L)
Metallurgy and Geochemistry
1) Analysis of Geological materials:
Dolomite, Ilmenite and bauxite. (5 L)
2) Analysis of Industrial materials:
a) Steel, b) copper based alloys c) aluminum based alloys. (5 L)
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3) Industrial Waste Water Analysis:
a) Chemical analysis:
Procedure, preservation of sample, sampling characterization of waste water, analysis of
DO, COD, BOD, Arsenic, Mercury, Chromium-hexavalent, Lead cyanide, total suspended
solids. (6 L)
b) Biological wastewater treatment:
Activated sludge process, trickling, filtration, rotating biological contactors and anaerobic
decomposition. (6 L)
c) Air pollution:
Suspended particulate matter, aerosol, generation, hazards and control of SOx, NOx, COx ,
air monitoring equipments, cyclone separator, electrostatic precipitator, filters and setting
chambers. (4 L)
d) Sludge analysis and method of disposal. (2 L)
e) Safety rules and methods in industries. (2 L)
References:
1) Standard methods of chemical analysis, volume 3, part-B, F.J. Welcher.
2) Cosmetics by W.D. Poucher (Three volumes)
3) Insight into speciality inorganic chemicals by D. Thomson, the royal society of chemistry (1995)
4) Industrial water pollution control by W.W. Ecken and elder, Tata McGraw-Hill (2000)
5) Applied chemistry, a text book for Engineers and technologists by H.D. Gesser.
6) Handbook of Industrial chemistry, by Davis Berner.
7) Air pollution by Rao and Rao
8) Standard methods of water and waste water analysis by A.K. De.
9) Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, Sixth Edition, Volume two-Part B
Frank J. Welcher.
10) Quantitative analysis by vogels.
9
CH-392: Advanced Analytical Techniques
Section I (30L)
Basic Electronics and Automation in Chemical Analysis
1) Introduction to components: (15 L)
a) Resistors, conductance, capacitors, inductors, transformers, charging and discharging of
condensers, DC circuits, complex DC circuits, simple parallel circuits, current and potential
measuring devices, AC circuits, reactance and capacitance, RL circuits, problems based on
circuits and components. Ohms law, Kirchhoffs law, Faradays law of electrolysis and its
applications, problems based on electro deposition. Ref. 1
b) Introduction and applications of semiconductors, diodes and its applications, zener diode and
its use in voltage regulation. Light emitting diodes, photodiodes, photo resistors, transistors and
amplifiers, (only its meaning and applications) introduction to digital computers, binary
numbers, decimal numbers and their conversions. Ref. 1
2) Role of Computers and Microprocessors in Analytical Chemistry:
Introduction, computers and microprocessors, instrument-computer interfaces. The scope of
microprocessor control to various laboratory instruments- liquid chromatography, Atomic
absorption spectrophotometer, potentiometer and X-ray spectrometer.
Ref. 7. page No. 491 to 512 (5 L)
3) Automated Analysis:
Automated laboratory analyses, Laboratory apparatus- Continuous flow analyzers, Flow
injection analyzers, Discrete-sample analyzers, Centrifugal force analyzers, Process control,
process control analyzers, Automatic titrators.
Ref.1. page No.949 to 976 (10 L)
Section-II (30L)
1) Atomic spectroscopy based on flame and electro thermal atomization:
Theory, sources, burners, atomic emission spectra, atomic absorption spectra, effect of
temperature on emission, absorption and fluorescence, electro thermal atomizers, radiation
sources atomic absorption methods, instrumentation for AAS, spectral interferences, standard
addition and internal standard method of analysis, comparison of atomic absorption and
emission methods, inductively coupled plasma and direct current plasma emission
spectroscopy, atomic and molecular mass spectrometry including ICP-MS and tandem mass
spectroscopy, MS-MS principle, instrumentation and analysis of micronutrients like Mo, B, Cu,
Zn essential towards the healthy growth of crops, fruits, determination of these micronutrients
from soils, plants and fruits. (10 L)
2) Laser Based techniques:
Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, resonance ionization spectroscopy, laser enhanced
ionization, principle, types of transition tunable laser, classification of medium pumping and
controlling mechanism, instrumentation, detecting of various gases, liquid and solids, sources,
cell, monochromators, detector. (7 L)
10
3) Radiochemical Techniques:
Radioimmunoassay, its principle and applications, instrumentation for radiobioassay, clinical
application of the radioimmunoassay of insulin, Estrogen and progesterone, receptor techniques
of breast cancer. Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), principles, practical aspects,
applications. (10 L)
4) Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC):
Principle, Instrumentation and applications in pharmaceuticals. (3 L)
References:
1) Introduction to instrumental analysis by R.D.Broun, Mc Graw Hill (1987)
2) Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by H. willard, L.Merrit, J.A. Dean and F.A. settle.
Sixth edition CBS (1986)
3) Radio-bioassay by faund S. Ashkar, volume-I, page 1-35 and 53 to 65 CRC press, Inc. Boca
Raton, Florida.
4) Practical clinical biochemistry by Harold Varley, fourth edition, CBS publication, New Delhi.
5) Immunology by I Roitt, J. Brostoff, D. Male, Mosby publisher, 5th edition (1998)
6) Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by Chatwal and Anand.
7) Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 6th edition, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler,
Saunders college publishing.
8) Principle and practice of Analytical Chemistry by F.W. Fifield and D. Kealey 3rd edition,
Blackie and sons Ltd.
11
CH- 481 Bioanalytical and forensic science
Section-I Bioanalytical (30 L)
1) Body fluids: (10 L)
Composition and detection of abnormal levels of certain constituents leading to diagnosis of
diseases. Analysis of physiological fluids- urine, blood and serum physiological and nutritional
significance of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, minerals and analytical techniques for
vitamins including microbiological techniques.
2) Human-nutrition: (5 L)
Estimation of enzymes, carbohydrates, essential amino acids, proteins and lipids.
3) Food Analysis: (12 L)
a) Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food preservations.
b) Analysis of food such as milk, milk products, tea, coffee and beverages. Flour, starch, honey,
jams and edible oils. Analysis of preservatives, coloring matter, micronutrients.
4) Food processing and food preservation: (3 L)
Refining milling, canning, concentration, freezing Drying, pasteurisation sterilization
irradiation. Ref. 8. Pages 446-452
Section-II
Toxicology and Forensic Science (30 L)
a) Toxicology: (20 L)
Isolation, identification and determination of following
1) Narcotics- heroin and cocaine.
2) Stimulants- caffeine, amphetamines.
3) Depressants- Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines.
4) Hallucinogens- LSD
b) Forensic Science: (10 L)
1) Medicinal and toilet preparations Act.
Definition alcohol, Medicinal preparation toilet preparation, Denatured spirit bonded
manufactory Non bonded manufactory, Narcotic, Opium, exemption from duty Classification
of med. and toilet preparations containing alcohol. Ref. 7. Relevant pages
2) Narcotics and Psychotropic substances Act.
Def – addict, cannabis ( hemp), Coca derivative, coca leaf, Manufacture medicinal cannabis,
narcotic drug, opium , opium derivative, opium poppy, poppy straw, psychotropic substance
Illicit traffic, Prohibition control regulation offence and penalties. Ref. 7. (Points 1, 2,3,4,5
and13)
References:
1) Analytical chemistry of foods by Ceiwyn S. James.
Blackie academic and professional- Chapman and Hill publisher, madras 1st edition.
2) Introduction to food science and technology, food science and technology series by G.F.
Stewart and M.A.Amerine, academic press.
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3) Chemical analysis of food by pearson.
4) Practical Biochemistry in clinical Mdicine- R. L Nath, Academic Publshers 2nd Edn (1990)
5) Texbook of Forenisc pharmacy- B. M. Mithal 9th Edn (1993) National Centre, Calcutta.
6) V. Malik, Drug and Cometics Act.
7) Forensic pharmacy by B.S Kuchekar, and A.M Khadatare Nirali Prakshan)
8) Shreves’ Chemical Process Industries fifth edition by George Austin Mg Graw Hill
9) Practical Pharmceutical Chemistry by Beckett
CH-490 - Analytical Spectroscopy
Section I (30L)
1) Introduction:
Electromagnetic radiation, properties, Interaction of radiations with matter, classification of
analytical method based on EMR spectrum. (2 L)
2) Instrumentation:
Sources of radiations, monochromators, sample containers, detectors for various types of
radiations. (5 L)
3) Electron spectroscopy:
Principle of ESCA. ESCA satellite peaks, chemical shifts, instrumentation, typical analytical
applications. (5 L)
4) Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy:
Principle, Instrumentation and analytical applications (2 L)
5) X- ray Methods of Analysis:
Principle, Theory- X-ray spectral lines, X-ray tube. X-ray Absorption, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray
Fluorescence- instrumentation, qualitative and quantitative analysis, numerical problems.
(10 L)
6) Chemiluminescences:
Introduction, principle, types. Measurement of chemiluminescence, Instrumentation quantitative
chemiluminescences. Gas phase chemiluminescence’s analysis. Chemiluminescences titrations.
Electro-chemiluminescence. (6 L)
Section II (30 L)
7) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:
Introduction, theory, Instrumentation, Chemical shifts. Spin-spin Splitting, solvents. Qualitative
and quantitative analysis. Non protonic NMR spectra, Multiple resonance, Nuclear overhauser
effect, solid samples in NMR, Kinetic studies with NMR, Limitations of NMR spectroscopy, 2-
D NMR, Magnetic Imaging. (15 L)
8) Electron Paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy:
Introduction, theory, Instrumentation, Spin-spin coupling, Qualitative and quantitative analysis,
multiple resonance, Spin labeling, metallic complexes, other uses of EPR spectroscopy.
(12 L)
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9) Electron Microscopy:
Introduction, Principles, Instrumentation, Applications. (3 L)
References:
1) Introduction to instrumental analysis by R. D. Braun, MC. Graw Hill- International edition.
2) Analytical spectroscopy by Kamalesh Bansal- First edition.
3) Instrumental methods of chemical analysis by Willard, Dean and Merittee- Sixth edition.
4) Analytical chemistry principles by John H. Kenedey- Second edition, Saunders college
publishing.
5) Electron microscopy in the study of material, P. J Grundy and G. A Jones, Edward Arnold.
6) Standard methods of chemical analysis- F. J. Welcher, part-B sixth edition (1966) D. van
Nosrtand Company. Inc. 19
CH-491 Polymer Technology
Section I (30L)
1) Genesis of Polymers:
Brief history, what are polymers? How are polymers made? Classification of polymers. The
role of polymers in society and the environment (2 L)
2) Chemistry of polymerization:
Chain polymerization, step polymerization, copolymerization, miscellaneous polymerization
reactions, Polymerization techniques-Bulk, Solution, Suspension, Emulsion polymerization,
Melt polycondensation, Solution polycindensation, Interfacial condensation, Salient features of
different polymerization techniques. (8 L)
3) Individual polymers:
Preparation and applications of following polymers- Polyethylene, Polystyrene, Polyester,
polyformaldehyde, Polycarbonate, Polyurethane, Polyamides, Polyethylene glycol, Polyvinyl
acetate, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Teflon, Polyisoprene, Polybutadine,
Phenol- formaldehyde resin, Urea- formaldehyde resin, Epoxy polymers, Silicone polymers,
Rayon, Cellophane, Cellulose nitrate, Cellulose acetate. (5 L)
4) Polymer reactions:
Hydrolysis, Acetolysis, aminolysis, hydrogenation, addition and substitution reactions,
reactions of specific groups such as –OH, - COOH, >C= and other groups, Cyclisation
reaction, cross linking reactions, reaction leading to graft and block co-polymers. (3 L)
5) Kinetics and mechanism of condensation reaction:
Chain reaction and co-polymerization reaction, Radiation induced polymerization. Kinetics
study and mechanism of polymerization in the liquid and solid phases, effect of radiation on
polymers degradation and crosslinking. (8 L)
6) Polymer degradation:
Polymer degradation, Types of degradation – Thermal, mechanical, ultrasonic waves, photo,
high energy degradation, oxidative, hydrolytic, biodegradation, environmental implication of
polymer degradation. (4 L)
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Section II (30L)
6) Analysis and testing of polymers: (10 L)
a) Chemical analysis of polymers:
X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, TGA, DTA.
b) Physical testing of polymers:
Mechanical properties, Fatigue testing, impact testing, tear resistance, hardness, abrasion
resistance.
c) Thermal properties: Softening temperature, flammability.
d) Optical properties: transmittance, colour, gloss, haze and transparency.
e) Electrical properties: dielectric constant and loss factor, resistively, dielectric strength,
electronic properties.
f) Chemical properties: resistance to solvents, vapour permeability, weathering.
7) Measurement of molecular weight and size: (8 L)
End group analysis, colligative properties measurements, solution viscosity and molecular size.
8) Polymer processing techniques: (8 L)
Plastics, elastomers and fibers, compounding, processing techniques- calendaring, die-casting,
film casting, compression moulding, injection moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding,
thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing, hand lay-up technique, filament winding technique,
spray-up technique, fiber spinning, melt spinning, dry spinning, uniaxial orientation, post
treatment of fibers.
9) The sol-gel process and ceramics: (4 L)
The basic chemistry of sol-gel process, gelation, aging and structure development, sol-gel and
aqueous chemistry of metal oxide, optical material.
References:
1) Textbook of polymer science 3rd edition by F.W.Billmeyer (1994).
2) Principles of polymer systems by F. Rodrigue, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
3) Principles of polymer systems by P.J.Flory, Cornell University press, New York.
4) Polymer chemistry-an introduction Seymour-Carraher-Marcel Dekker. Inc.
New York.
5) Polymer Science by V.R. Gowarikar, N.B. Vishvanathane, New Age International Ltd. publisher
(1998)
6) Polymer Science by Vasant Gowarikar, Wiley Easteren New York (1998).
7) Principle of polymer science, Bahadhur and sastri, Narosa publishing house.
15
CH-387 Practical course – I (Inorganic)
Perform any eighteen experiments of following:
1. Analysis of Dolomite with respect to a) Calcium b) Magnesium c) SiO2.
2. Analysis of bauxite ore with respect to a) mixed oxide b) Iron c) aluminum.
3. Analysis of Bronze with respect to a) Copper b) Tin.
4. Estimation of COD from waste water.
5. Analysis waste water with respect to a) alkalinity b) T.D.S. c) sulphate d) dissolved
chlorine.
6. Estimation of Nitrogen from given fertilizer by Kjeldahll method.
7. Estimation of Phosphorus from given fertilizer by volumetry / colorimetry.
8. Estimation of Potassium from given fertilizer by gravimetry / Flame photometry.
9. Estimation of calcium in the sample of dairy whitener by flame photometry.
10. Estimation of sodium in the sample of dairy whitener by flame photometry.
11. Analysis of Borax by conductometry.
12. Volumetric determination of sugar by copper reduction (volumetric).
13. Determination of iron in syndets by colorimetric.
14. Analysis of pigments with respect to Zn and Cr.
15. Determination of alcohol from beverages spectrophotometrically using dichromate.
16. Determination of alcohol in beverages by gas chromatographic technique.
17. To study the oxidation of Ferrocene and reduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] by Cyclic Voltammetry.
18. Separation and molecular weight determination of protein by gel electrophoresis.
19. Thermo gravimetric analysis: composition of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in mixture.
20. To estimate the amount of paracetomol and dichlofenac sodium in caftol tablets (USP) by
HPLC technique.
21. Limit test for Chloride / sulphate / lead / Iron.
22. Dissolution test of tablets.
16
CH-487 Practical Course II (Physical)
CH-487 Practical Course II (Physical)
Perform any eighteen experiments of following:
1. To determine amount of each para nitro-phenol and meta nitro-phenol from the given
mixture by spectrophotometric titration using standard solution of NaOH.(lmax=280nm)
2. To determine the amount of each copper and bismuth or copper and iron (III) from the
given mixture at 745nm by spectrophotometric titration using standard solution of EDTA.
3. To record ultraviolet adsorption spectrum of acetone in n-hexane and identify the various
transition by Spectrophotometry.
4. Estimation of aspirin, paracetamol and caffine from APC tablet by UV-Visible
spectrophotometry.
5. Determination of relative strength of acetic acid, chloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid
through measuring their Ka-value by conductivity measurement method.
6. Determination of the pKa value of chloro-acetic acid and tri-chloro acetic acid by
potentiometry / pH-metry using standard solution of NaOH.
7. Determination of concentration of each sulphuric acid, acetic acid and copper sulphate
from their mixture by conductometric titration with standard NaOH.
8. Determination of strength of acetic acid from the commercial vinegar sample by
potentiometric tiration and its confirmation by conductometric / pH-metric titration using
standard solution of NaOH.
9. Determination of strength of commercial phosphoric acid by potentiometric / pH-metric
titration up to three equivalence point using standard solution of NaOH.
10. Estimation of various transition elements like Zn/Ni/Co/Cd/Al from various commercial
samples by complexometric titration on potentiometry by using mercury electrode system.
11. Flame photometric estimation of each Na, K, Li and Ca from the given sample mixture by
calibration curve method.
12. Flame photometric estimation of Na/ K/ Li/ Ca from their given sample by working curve
method and its confirmation by standard addition method.
13. Flame photometric estimation of Na and K / Ca and K/ Na and Li from their binary
mixture by standard addition method.
14. Estimation of Na and K / Ca and K from the binary mixture by internal standard method
using lithium as internal standard on flame photometry.
15. Determination of amount of Zinc from the given sample solution by Nephelometric /
Turbid metric titration using standard solution of K4[Fe(CN)6] in 0.4M HCl.
16. Determination of amount of sulphate from the given sample solution by Nephelometric /
Turbid metric titration using standard solution of Ba(NO3)2 or Pb(NO3)2 .
17. Determination of amount of chloride from the given sample solution by Nephelometric/
Turbid metric titration using standard solution of AgNO3.
18. Photofluorimeteric determination of Quinine / Riboflavin / aluminum from unknown
sample by working curve method and its confirmation by standard addition method.
19. Estimation of Zn and Cd from the unknown solution by polarographic technique.
20. Estimation of Zn and Cd from their mixture by polarographic technique.
21. Estimation of Ca and Mg from the mixture of their oxalate by recording their TGA curve.
22. Recording a TGA curve for a mixture of CuSO4 and NaCl, find out the percentage of each
constituent in the mixture.
23. Estimation of As, Pb, Se, Cr, Zn, Cu, Al, Ni, Fe and some important transition elements
from the commercial samples by Atomic absorption spectrometry with working curve and
standard addition method.
24. Determination of moisture content in food sample by Karl fisher reagents.
17
CH-488 Practical Course III (Organic)
Perform any eighteen experiments of following:
1. Determination of glucose from blood serum (enzyme method)
2. Determination of cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol in blood serum by kit method /
colorimetry.
3. Estimation of Urea from blood sample (kit method).
4. Estimation of Tannin from tea.
5. Estimation of HMF from Honey.
6. Estimation of Salbutamol sulphate from Asthma inhaler.
7. Estimation of blood-glucose by Folin-Wu-method.
8. Isolation of caffine from tea.
9. Estimation of aspirin/ paracetamol /caffine from APC tablet.
10. Assay of Thiamine.
11. Assay of Local anesthetics. (I P)
12. Assay of soaps and detergents.
13. Assay of sulpha drugs.
14. Assay of polymers and plastics.
15. Estimation of Ketone bodies.
16. Estimation of creatine / creatimine in urine.
17. Estimation of total carbohydrates by Anthrone method.
18. Quantitative analysis of mixture by Gas Chromatography a) Chloroform and carbon
tetrachloride b) methanol and ethanol.
19. Preparation of sulphanilamide from acetanilide (Organic Vogel).
20. Preparation of Methyl Salicylate and assay its purity (Organic Vogel)
21. Isolation of lycopene from tomato or β – Carrotene from Carrots (Ikan).
22. Preparation, purification and assay of aspirin.
23. Isolation of casein from milk.
24. Estimation of Vitamin-C by 2,6 dichloro-indophenol method.
Reference books:
1. Organic Laboratory technique a micro scale approach by Donald L. Pavia,Gary M.
Lampman, George S. Kriz, Randall G. Engel second edition.
2. Practical clinical Biochemistry, Harold Varley (4th Edition), CBS publishers and
Distributers. New Delhi -110002.
3. R. Ikan; natural products.
4. Peach and Tracy; Methods of Plant analysis Vol- VII.
5. Pavia and others; Orgaic Laboratory Techniques, (Second Edition,1995), Sannders Series
(Harcofst Brace
Note: All organic compounds used as drugs prepared here will be purified and assayed for
purity by standard IP/BP/VSP methods.