There will be four theory and one practical course in Sem. I, II and III. There will be 3
theory, 1 practical and 1 field work component course in Sem. IV. All the courses of Semester
I & II are compulsory and University. Each course will carry 100 marks. Each theory course
will be of 48 hrs. duration and practical course will be of 96 hrs. duration. Candidates are
required to pass in the theory and the practical examination separately.
COURSE STRUCTURE
Semester- I (All courses are compulsory)
GL 101: Mineralogy
GL 102: Principles of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology
GL 103: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
GL 104: Sedimentology
GL 105 Practicals related to the above courses.
Semester- II (All courses are compulsory)
GL 201: Igneous Petrology
GL 202: Metamorphic Petrology
GL 203: Structural Geology and Tectonics .
GL 204: Geomorphology and Remote Sensing in Geology
GL 205: Practicals related to above Courses
2
Semester: III
GL-301: Indian Stratigraphy - Compulsory (Departmental)
GL-302: Exploration methods
GL-303: Petroleum Geology
GL-304: Engineering Geology and Geotechniques
GL-305: Computer Applications in Geology and GIS
GL-306: Practicals related to above courses –Compulsory (Departmental)
Student shall choose any three courses out of course No. GL302, GL-303, GL 304 and GL
305
Semester IV
GL-401: Economic Geology - Compulsory
GL-402: Mining Geology, Gemmology and Industrial Mineralogy
GL-403: Environmental Geology
GL-404: Hydrogeology, Water shed Development and Management
GL-405: Practicals related to above courses - Compulsory (Departmental)
GL-406: Field Work Component - Compulsory (Departmental)
Student shall choose any two courses out of Course No. GL-402, GL- 403 & GL-404.
3
EVALUATION OF THE STUDENTS:
There will be an external examination of 80 marks and an internal examination of 20
marks per course except Departmental courses. The Internal examination marks will be
given on the basis of continuous assessment of the student, which will be in the form of
tutorials, tests, seminars, viva-voce etc. For the departmental theory/practical course the
department, at the end of the respective semester will conduct 80 marks examination
and 20 marks will be given on the basis of the continuous assessment of the student.
FIELD WORK COMPONENT:
Semester I and II:
Students shall carry out 2 weeks field work in a selected area to learn the
geological mapping techniques during first year of M.Sc. degree course. Student should
submit report based on the mapping and laboratory work related to the data and
samples collected during the field work.
Semester III and IV:
Students should attend a geological excursion of about two weeks duration
organized by the department. This will include visits to geologically important areas in
India and geological organizations/institutes etc. related to respective theory courses
of Sem. III and IV. Students should submit a tour report along with the specimens.
The field work should be treated as a part of course No. GL 406 and will be
assessed at the end of the Semester IV.
4
SEMESTER –I
GL 101: MINERALOGY
UNITS TOPICS NO. OF LECTURES
UNIT- 1 Crystallography 12
Definition of Crystal – Classification of crystal into Crystal Systems
Concept of unit cell – Proper and improper symmetry operations
Concept of Point Group – Classification of crystals into 32 Point Groups
Concept of Space lattice – Derivation of 14 Bravais lattices – HCP
Concept of Space Group – Symmorphic and Asymmorphic Space Groups
X- ray diffraction methods in mineralogical investigations
Mineral Chemistry – Concepts and examples of Isomorphism, solid
solutions
UNIT- 2 Mineral Optics 12
Plane polarized and cross polarized light – Isotropic and Anisotropic
minerals, Behaviour of minerals in cross polarized light
Birefringence – Uniaxial minerals – Uniaxial and Biaxial Indicatrices –
Orientation of indicatrices as per the section
Interference of light waves – Passage of light through doubly refracting
minerals, Generation of interference colours
Conoscopic or convergent polarized light – Generation of Uniaxial and
Biaxial interference figures – Forms of interference figures related to
sections – Optical accessories like mica, gypsum and quartz plates –
determination of Optic sign of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
Absorption of light by minerals – Scheme of pleochroism
UNIT- 3 Descriptive Mineralogy -1 12
Structure, relation of Chemical composition with optical, physical
properties, alteration products and paragenesis of following group of
minerals.
Olivine, Pyroxenes, Amphiboles, Gartnet, Mica, Alumino silicate, Epidote
Descriptive Mineralogy –II 12
UNIT- 4 Structure, relation of Chemical composition with optical, physical
properties, alteration products and paragenesis of following group of
minerals.
Feldspar, Feldspathoid, Zeolite and Clays
Total number of Lectures 48
5
GL 102: PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
UNIT-1 Principles of Statigraphy 24
History and Development of Statigraphy
Stratigraphic procedures (Surface and Subsurface)
Concept of Lithofacies and Biofacies
Stratigraphic Correlation (Litho, Bio- and Chronostrarigraphic Correlation)
Study of standard stratigraphic code (Lithostratigraphic, Biostratigraphic
and Chronostratigraphic)
Concepts of Magnetostratigraphy, Chemostratigraphy, Event stratigraphy,
and Sequence stratigraphy
UNIT-2 Palaeontology 24
Scope of Palaeontology and Organic evolution
Techniques in Palaeontology mega fossils- microfossils – nannofossils
ichnofossils – collection, identification and illustration – binomial
nomenclature
Invertebrate Palaeontology – A brief study of morphology, classification,
evolutionary trends and distribution of Bivalves, cephalopoda.and
Gastropods, Echinoids, Corals and Brachiopods.
Vertebrate Palaeontology – Brief study of vertebrate life through ages.
Evolution of reptiles and mammals.
Palaeontological perspective : Use of palaeontological data in a)
Stratigraphy b) Palaeoecology and evolution
Introduction to Micropalaeontology
Types of Microfossils
Palaeopalynology
Foraminifera and Ostracods
Total number of Lectures 48
GL 103 : PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
UNIT-1 Universe, Solar System and Comparative Planetary Geology 12
Origin and components of solar system
Galaxies their classification, Stars and star formation processes
Meteorites and their classification
Theories of origin of solar system
Abundance of elements
Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution
Orbital dynamics of earth-moon system
UNIT-2 Seismology and Interior of the Earth 12
Seismic waves and their velocities
Internal structure of earth
Structure composition and evolution of the crust, mantle and core
Geochemical classification and distribution of elements in the earth
Structure and atomic properties of elements
The Periodic table
6
Laws of Thermodynamics and phase diagrams
UNIT-3 Geochronology and age of the Earth 12
Law of Radioactivity
Principles of isotopic dating, Decay schemes and Derivation of equation of
age.
Rb/Sr, U- Th –Pb methods of dating the rocks.
Age of the Earth
UNIT-4 Gravity, Magnetism and Thermal History of the Earth 12
Density distribution, shape and mass of the earth, density vs depth profile.
Gravity and gravitational mechanics, gravity anomalies and their
interpretation
The earth as Magnet, Earth’s magnetic field, changes in magnetic field,
origin of geomagnetic field, palaeomagnetism
Total number of Lectures 48
GL – 104 : SEDIMENTOLOGY
UNIT-1 Procedures 12
Field procedures in Sedimentary Petrology
Geologic cycle
Sedimentary textures (Granulometric analysis, shape and roundness
studies, surface textures)
Heavy mineral and Insoluble residue analysis
UNIT-2 Petrography 12
Petrography of rocks of clastic, chemical and biochemical origin
(Conglomerates, Sandstone, Mudstone, Limestone and Dolomite)
Evaporite, Phosphorite, Chert, Iron and Manganese rich sediments
Volcanogenic sedimentary rocks
UNIT-3 Hydraulic and Structure 12
Classic transport and fluid flow (fluid flow in theory and in nature,
Reynold’s Numbers, Froude Number, Sediment lift, transport, deposition,
Sedimentary gravity flow)
Sedimentary structures (Physical structures, Biogenic sedimentary
Structures, Diagenetic structures)
UNIT-4 Environment and Facies 12
Concept of Sedimentary facies association models (Marine, Nonmarine
and Mixed Depositional Environment)
Sedimentation and Tectonics
Paleocurrents and Basin Analysis
Total number of Lectures 48
7
Text books for Semester –I
· Dana: Elements of Mineralogy
· Winchell: Elements of Optical Mineralogy
· Kerr: Optical Mineralogy
· Whalstrom: Optical Crystallography
· Deer, Howie Zussman: Rock forming minerals, Vol. I – IV
· Cracknell: Crystals and their structure
· Frye Keith: Modern Mineralogy
· Read: Beginners Guide to Gemmology
· Webster Anderson: Gems
· Anderson B.W. Gem Testing
· Webster R. : Practical Gemmology
· Bates : Geology of Industrial Rocks and Minerals
· Roy: Indian Mineral Resources
· Baungart, Dunham and Amstutz : Process Mineralogy of Ceramic Materials
· Krumbein and Sloss: Stratigraphy and Sedimentation
· Dunbar and Rogers: Principles of stratigraphy
· Hedberg: International Stratigraphy guide
· Harland et., al.: A geological time scale
· Lemon Roy R.: Principles of Stratigraphy
· Weller: Stratigraphic principles and practice
· Brenner and Mc Hargue: Integrative Stratigraphy
· Boardman R.S., Cheetham A.H., Rowell A.J.: Fossil invertebrates
· Clarkston E.N.K.: Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution
· John R. Haynes, Hohn Wiley and Sons : Foraminifera
· M.D. Brasier: Microfossils
· Swinnerton; Outline of Palaeontology
· Moore Lalicker and Figher: Invertebrate Palaeontology
· Remer: Vertebrate Palaeontology
· Shrock and Twenhofel : Principles of invertebrate Palaeontology
· Arnold : Introduction to Palaeobotany
8
· Bignot G: Elements of Micropalaeontology. The microfossils, their Geological and
Palaeobiological applications
· Clobert E.H.: Evolution of the Vertebrates
· Brown and Mussett: The inaccessible Earth
· Jackson (ed.): The Earths Mantle
· Stacy: Physics of the Earth
· Melchior: The physics of the Earths Core: An Introduction
· Jacobs, Russels and Wilson: Physics and Geology
· Sheidegger: Principles of Geodynamics
· Van Bemmelen: Developments in Geotectonics No.2 (Geodynamics Model: An
evaluation and synthesis)
· Jeffreys: The Earth: Its origin, History and Physical constitution
· Kauls: An Introduction to Planetary Physics
· Paragon Press: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
· Takanaki and Kanamori: Debate about the Earth
· Pettijohn: Sedimentary Rocks
· Blatt, Middleton and Murry: Origin of Sedimentary Rocks
· Reineck and Singh: Sedimentary Depositional Environments
· Carozzi: Patrography of Sedimentary Rocks
· Carver: Procedures in Sedimentary petrology
· Potter and Pettijohn: Palaeocurrents and Basin analysis
9
SEMESTER- I
GL105: PRACTICALS RELATED TO GL 101 to GL 104
Unit 1: Practicals for GL 101:
1. Study of interference figures – determination of optical sign of minerals,
determination of composition of plagioclase feldspars by Michel Levy method –
determination of birefringence of minerals with the help of Berek Compensators
– Scheme of Pleochroism
2. Construction of Stereograms and Gnomonograms
3. Study of rock forming minerals in thin sections
4. Study of rock forming minerals in hand specimens
Unit 2: Practicals for GL 102:
1. Construction of rank charts for lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy &
chronostratigraphy.
2. Construction of graphical logs for text descriptions.
3. Exercises in correlation from given data or logs.
4. Study of morphology of Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods, Echinoids,
Brachiopods.
5. Separation, processing, wet sieve analyses, preparation of slides of microfossils.
(Demonstration only)
6. Morphology and morphological descriptions of planktonic & benthonic
foraminifera, Ostracodes.
7. Morphology of Radiolaria , Diatoms, pollen and spores
8. Construction of range charts,
Unit 3: Practicals for GL 103:
1. Rapid analyses of rocks for determination of major oxides by
volumetric /gravimetric/colorimetric methods.
2. Introduction to the use of instrumental technique of analyses
of rocks, soil & water.
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Flame photometry
c. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Demonstration only)
d. High Performance Ion Chromatography (Demonstration only)
3. Plotting of chemical data on variation diagrams.
4. Problems related to seismic, geomagnetic, gravity data &
its interpretation.
5. Problems related to use of isotopic methods &
determinations of age of the rocks.
10
Unit 4: Practicals for GL- 104:
1. Size Analysis (Procedures, Cumulative carve, Histogram,
Visher’s curve and Statistical calculation)
2. Shape analysis (Calculation and Classification)
3. Heavy mineral analysis (Procedure and identification)
4. Megascopic studies of conglomerate and breccia
5. Megascopic and microscopic study of sandstone.
6. Megascopic and microscopic study of limestone
7. Sedimentary structure (Identification and classification)
8. Paleocurrent and basin analysis calculation
11
SEMESTER- II
GL-201: IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
UNITS: TOPICS No. of Lectures
Unit 1: Role of magma in Geological processes 12
Magma definition and source of magma
Anatomy of the earth
Geochemical and Geophysical jargon
Magmatism and plate tectonics
Physical properties of magma-Geochemical gradient,
Heat source
Igneous activity of the present day
Textures and structures of Igneous rocks
Classification of Igneous rocks-historic perspective and the IUGS system.
Unit 2: Geochemical tracers of mantle processes 12
Introduction
Continental & oceanic mantle lithosphere
MORB and depleted mantle
Evolution of depleted mantle
OIB and Enriched mantle
Evolution of Enriched mantle – metasomatic processes
Island arc basalts
Concept of hot spots
Mantle Plumes-Theory and structure
Re-Os Isotope systematics
Trace element characterizations of mantle domains
Unit 3: Magma Crystallization and Evolution 12
Phase relations of the silicates and silicate melts
Binary and Ternary systems
Partial melting
Magmatic differentiation – Crystal fractionation, gravitational
Settling, flow differentiation, flow crystallisation, filter pressing, liquid immiscibility.
Zone melting
Contamination
Mixing of magmas
Role of volatile components
12
Unit 4: Petrogenetic provinces 12
Continental areas: Volcanic- Flood basalts- Tholeiites(Deccan Trap, Columbia River
basalts, Parna basalts)
Layered gabbroic intrusions: The Bushveld complex,skaergaard intrusion, Still water
complex.
Plutonic: Carbonatites and alkaline rock complexes of India
Oceanic Rift valleys: MORB- Tholeiites-Ophiolites
Granites, andesites, kimberlites, anorthosites.
Total No. of Lectures 48
GL-202: METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
Unit 1: Concepts and Theory 12
Historical background
Types of Metamorphism and their controlling factors
Common minerals of metamorphic rocks
Field observations, petrographic classification of common metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic facies and facies series
Unit 2: Effects of Metamorphism 12
Phase diagrams and graphic representation of mineral assemblages
Prograde and retrograde metamorphism, Matasomatism
Deformation textures and textures related to recrystallisation
Metamorphic reactions, elemental exchange and Pressure – Temperature conditions of
Isograds
Unit 3: Metamorphism types and products 12
Regional and thermal metamorphism of pelitic rocks.
Regional and thermal metamorphism of basic and ultrabasic rocks
Regional and thermal metamorphism of impure,silicious carbonate rocks
Metamorphism of Granitoides, Charnockites and Migmatites
Unit 4: Metamorphism in space and time 12
Plate tectonics and metamorphic processes
Paired metamorphic belts, Archaean and Proterozoic terrains
Extraterrestrial Metamorphism (Impact and Shock Metamorphism) polymetamorphism
Total No. of Lectures 48
13
GL-203: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND TECTONICS
Unit 1: Structural Geology 24
Behaviour of rock material under stress, strain analysis
Classification and genesis of folds, faults, lineations, foliations, joints and fractures
Scope of structural analysis, concept of Tectonite fabric and Tectonite symmetry
Structural analysis on microscopic , mesoscopic and macroscopic scales
Unit 2: Tectonics 24
Structure and physical characters of continental and oceanic crust
Continental drift, seafloor spreading and Plate Tectonics, Structure and Tectonics of
divergent margins, transform faults, convergent margins
Tectonic framework of India
Neotectonics – Features and evidences – Characteristic landforms, methods of analysis
Case studies of Orogenic belts
Total No. of Lectures 48
14
GL204: GEOMORPHOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING IN GEOLOGY
Unit 1: Geomorphology 24
Introduction : Development, Scope, Geomorphic concepts, Types and Tools
Landforms: Role of Lithology, peneplaination, endogenous and exogenous forces
responsible, climatic and Tectonic factors and rejuvenation of landforms
Denudational processes : Weathering , erosion, transportation, weathering products and
soils – profiles, types, duricrusts
Hillslopes : Their characteristics and development, fluvial processes on hillslopes
River and drainage basin: Drainage pattern, network characteristics, Valleys and their
development, processes of river erosion, transportation and deposition
Landforms produced by geomorphic agents: Fluvial, Coastal , Glacial and Aeolian
landforms
Geomorphic indicators of neotectonic movements : Stream channel morphology
changes , drainage modifications, fault reactivation, Uplift – subsidence pattern in
coastal areas
Applied Geomorphology : Application in Geohydrology, Engineering Geology and
Environmental studies
Geomorphology of India: Geomorphical features and zones
Unit 2: Remote Sensing 24
Electromagnetic radiation – types and sources
Interaction of EMR with earth, reflectance – absorption – emittance and transmittance
Black, white and grey bodies
Different methods of Remote Sensing based on atmospheric windows
Aerial photographs – classification, types
Principles of photogrammetry
Calculations of heights and slopes from aerial photographs
Aerial photointerpretation – photo recognition elements of black and white aerial
photographs
Interpretation of different geological features on B/W aerial photographs
Remote sensing from space – space crafts and sensors
Landsat, Skylab, Seasat and other foreign systems of satellites and their interpretation
for geological and other studies
Space research in India – Bhaskara and IRS systems and their applications,Thermal IR
remote sensing and its applications, Microwave remote sensing and its applications
Total No. of Lectures 48
15
Text Books for Semester – II
· Barker – Igneous rock
· Magmatic rocks – Middle most
· Igneous rocks – Rock
· Philpot – Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Jackson (ed) –Earths Mantle
· Davis – Earth Dynamics
· Yoder - Basalt
· Yoder& Tilly – Basaltic Magnetism
· Jackson Lan (ed) –The Earths Mantle : Composition , Structure and Evolution
· Davis G.F. – Dynamic Earth : Plates , Plumes and Mantle Conviction
· Turner & Varhoogen : Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Philpotts : Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Harker : Metamorphism
· Turner : Metamorphic Petrology
· Wrinkler : Petrogeneous of Metamorphic Rock
· Miyashiro : Metamorphism and Metomorphic Belts
· Yardly : An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
· Spry: Metamorphic Structures
· Best: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Patwardhan : The Dynamic Earth System
· E.M.Moores & R.J. Twiss : Tectonics
· Valdiya : Aspects of Tectonics – Focus on South Central Asia
· V.V. Beloussov: Geotectonics
· Condie : Plate Tectonics and Crystal Evolution
· Billings : Structural Geology
· Badgley : Structural and Tectonics Principles
· Turner & Weiss: Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonic
· Ramsay : Folding and Fracturing of Rock
· Desittar : Structural Geology
· Sander: Introduction to Deformation of Geologic bodies
· Miller & Miller : Photogeology
· Ramsay : Trends in Geological Remote Sensing
· Lillysand & Kaifer : Remote Sensing and Image interpretation
· Pandey : Photogeology
· Thombury : Principles of Geomorphology
· Rice : Fundamentals of Geomorphology
· Kale & Gupta : Introduction to Geomorphology
· A.D. Howward and I Remson : Geology in Environmental Planning
16
SEMESTER- II
GL205: PRACTICALS RELATED TO GL 201 TO GL-204
Unit 1: Practicals for GL-201
1. Characterisation of Igneous rocks, textures and structures
2. Characterisation of following rock type under microscope
a. Ultrabasic rocks
b. Basic Igneous rocks
c. Intermediate Igneous rocks
d. Acid Igneous rocks
e. Alkaline Igneous rocks
3. CIPW normative calculations for Igneous rocks
4. Use of trace elements in Igneous rock petrogenesis
Unit 2: Practicals for GL-202
1. Study of metamorphic rocks in hand specimens and thin sections :
Metamorphic mineral assemblages with respect to metamorphic facies
and grades
2 Use of ACF, AKF and AFM diagrams
3. Use of rock composition diagrams
4. Calculation of Pressure – Temperature conditions from the composition
of co-existing minerals assemblages serving as geothermometers and
geobarometers
Unit 3: Practicals for GL-203
1. Solution to structural geology problem by orthographic and
stereographic methods
2. Completion of outcrops, construction of structural sections
and interpretation of geological maps
3. Plotting and interpretation of mesoscopic structural data
Unit 4: Practicals for GL-204
1. Determination of photo scale
2. Determination of height of objects, dip of bed , slope and thickness of beds by
parallax bar
3. Study of landforms and interpretation of lithology and structure from aerial
photograph and satellite images
4. Tracing of lineament and rosettes and their interpretation
5. Drainage basin and network morphometry
6. Relief and slope analyses – profiles and maps
7. Identification of landform on toposheets, aerial photographs and satellite images
theory, 1 practical and 1 field work component course in Sem. IV. All the courses of Semester
I & II are compulsory and University. Each course will carry 100 marks. Each theory course
will be of 48 hrs. duration and practical course will be of 96 hrs. duration. Candidates are
required to pass in the theory and the practical examination separately.
COURSE STRUCTURE
Semester- I (All courses are compulsory)
GL 101: Mineralogy
GL 102: Principles of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology
GL 103: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
GL 104: Sedimentology
GL 105 Practicals related to the above courses.
Semester- II (All courses are compulsory)
GL 201: Igneous Petrology
GL 202: Metamorphic Petrology
GL 203: Structural Geology and Tectonics .
GL 204: Geomorphology and Remote Sensing in Geology
GL 205: Practicals related to above Courses
2
Semester: III
GL-301: Indian Stratigraphy - Compulsory (Departmental)
GL-302: Exploration methods
GL-303: Petroleum Geology
GL-304: Engineering Geology and Geotechniques
GL-305: Computer Applications in Geology and GIS
GL-306: Practicals related to above courses –Compulsory (Departmental)
Student shall choose any three courses out of course No. GL302, GL-303, GL 304 and GL
305
Semester IV
GL-401: Economic Geology - Compulsory
GL-402: Mining Geology, Gemmology and Industrial Mineralogy
GL-403: Environmental Geology
GL-404: Hydrogeology, Water shed Development and Management
GL-405: Practicals related to above courses - Compulsory (Departmental)
GL-406: Field Work Component - Compulsory (Departmental)
Student shall choose any two courses out of Course No. GL-402, GL- 403 & GL-404.
3
EVALUATION OF THE STUDENTS:
There will be an external examination of 80 marks and an internal examination of 20
marks per course except Departmental courses. The Internal examination marks will be
given on the basis of continuous assessment of the student, which will be in the form of
tutorials, tests, seminars, viva-voce etc. For the departmental theory/practical course the
department, at the end of the respective semester will conduct 80 marks examination
and 20 marks will be given on the basis of the continuous assessment of the student.
FIELD WORK COMPONENT:
Semester I and II:
Students shall carry out 2 weeks field work in a selected area to learn the
geological mapping techniques during first year of M.Sc. degree course. Student should
submit report based on the mapping and laboratory work related to the data and
samples collected during the field work.
Semester III and IV:
Students should attend a geological excursion of about two weeks duration
organized by the department. This will include visits to geologically important areas in
India and geological organizations/institutes etc. related to respective theory courses
of Sem. III and IV. Students should submit a tour report along with the specimens.
The field work should be treated as a part of course No. GL 406 and will be
assessed at the end of the Semester IV.
4
SEMESTER –I
GL 101: MINERALOGY
UNITS TOPICS NO. OF LECTURES
UNIT- 1 Crystallography 12
Definition of Crystal – Classification of crystal into Crystal Systems
Concept of unit cell – Proper and improper symmetry operations
Concept of Point Group – Classification of crystals into 32 Point Groups
Concept of Space lattice – Derivation of 14 Bravais lattices – HCP
Concept of Space Group – Symmorphic and Asymmorphic Space Groups
X- ray diffraction methods in mineralogical investigations
Mineral Chemistry – Concepts and examples of Isomorphism, solid
solutions
UNIT- 2 Mineral Optics 12
Plane polarized and cross polarized light – Isotropic and Anisotropic
minerals, Behaviour of minerals in cross polarized light
Birefringence – Uniaxial minerals – Uniaxial and Biaxial Indicatrices –
Orientation of indicatrices as per the section
Interference of light waves – Passage of light through doubly refracting
minerals, Generation of interference colours
Conoscopic or convergent polarized light – Generation of Uniaxial and
Biaxial interference figures – Forms of interference figures related to
sections – Optical accessories like mica, gypsum and quartz plates –
determination of Optic sign of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
Absorption of light by minerals – Scheme of pleochroism
UNIT- 3 Descriptive Mineralogy -1 12
Structure, relation of Chemical composition with optical, physical
properties, alteration products and paragenesis of following group of
minerals.
Olivine, Pyroxenes, Amphiboles, Gartnet, Mica, Alumino silicate, Epidote
Descriptive Mineralogy –II 12
UNIT- 4 Structure, relation of Chemical composition with optical, physical
properties, alteration products and paragenesis of following group of
minerals.
Feldspar, Feldspathoid, Zeolite and Clays
Total number of Lectures 48
5
GL 102: PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
UNIT-1 Principles of Statigraphy 24
History and Development of Statigraphy
Stratigraphic procedures (Surface and Subsurface)
Concept of Lithofacies and Biofacies
Stratigraphic Correlation (Litho, Bio- and Chronostrarigraphic Correlation)
Study of standard stratigraphic code (Lithostratigraphic, Biostratigraphic
and Chronostratigraphic)
Concepts of Magnetostratigraphy, Chemostratigraphy, Event stratigraphy,
and Sequence stratigraphy
UNIT-2 Palaeontology 24
Scope of Palaeontology and Organic evolution
Techniques in Palaeontology mega fossils- microfossils – nannofossils
ichnofossils – collection, identification and illustration – binomial
nomenclature
Invertebrate Palaeontology – A brief study of morphology, classification,
evolutionary trends and distribution of Bivalves, cephalopoda.and
Gastropods, Echinoids, Corals and Brachiopods.
Vertebrate Palaeontology – Brief study of vertebrate life through ages.
Evolution of reptiles and mammals.
Palaeontological perspective : Use of palaeontological data in a)
Stratigraphy b) Palaeoecology and evolution
Introduction to Micropalaeontology
Types of Microfossils
Palaeopalynology
Foraminifera and Ostracods
Total number of Lectures 48
GL 103 : PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
UNIT-1 Universe, Solar System and Comparative Planetary Geology 12
Origin and components of solar system
Galaxies their classification, Stars and star formation processes
Meteorites and their classification
Theories of origin of solar system
Abundance of elements
Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution
Orbital dynamics of earth-moon system
UNIT-2 Seismology and Interior of the Earth 12
Seismic waves and their velocities
Internal structure of earth
Structure composition and evolution of the crust, mantle and core
Geochemical classification and distribution of elements in the earth
Structure and atomic properties of elements
The Periodic table
6
Laws of Thermodynamics and phase diagrams
UNIT-3 Geochronology and age of the Earth 12
Law of Radioactivity
Principles of isotopic dating, Decay schemes and Derivation of equation of
age.
Rb/Sr, U- Th –Pb methods of dating the rocks.
Age of the Earth
UNIT-4 Gravity, Magnetism and Thermal History of the Earth 12
Density distribution, shape and mass of the earth, density vs depth profile.
Gravity and gravitational mechanics, gravity anomalies and their
interpretation
The earth as Magnet, Earth’s magnetic field, changes in magnetic field,
origin of geomagnetic field, palaeomagnetism
Total number of Lectures 48
GL – 104 : SEDIMENTOLOGY
UNIT-1 Procedures 12
Field procedures in Sedimentary Petrology
Geologic cycle
Sedimentary textures (Granulometric analysis, shape and roundness
studies, surface textures)
Heavy mineral and Insoluble residue analysis
UNIT-2 Petrography 12
Petrography of rocks of clastic, chemical and biochemical origin
(Conglomerates, Sandstone, Mudstone, Limestone and Dolomite)
Evaporite, Phosphorite, Chert, Iron and Manganese rich sediments
Volcanogenic sedimentary rocks
UNIT-3 Hydraulic and Structure 12
Classic transport and fluid flow (fluid flow in theory and in nature,
Reynold’s Numbers, Froude Number, Sediment lift, transport, deposition,
Sedimentary gravity flow)
Sedimentary structures (Physical structures, Biogenic sedimentary
Structures, Diagenetic structures)
UNIT-4 Environment and Facies 12
Concept of Sedimentary facies association models (Marine, Nonmarine
and Mixed Depositional Environment)
Sedimentation and Tectonics
Paleocurrents and Basin Analysis
Total number of Lectures 48
7
Text books for Semester –I
· Dana: Elements of Mineralogy
· Winchell: Elements of Optical Mineralogy
· Kerr: Optical Mineralogy
· Whalstrom: Optical Crystallography
· Deer, Howie Zussman: Rock forming minerals, Vol. I – IV
· Cracknell: Crystals and their structure
· Frye Keith: Modern Mineralogy
· Read: Beginners Guide to Gemmology
· Webster Anderson: Gems
· Anderson B.W. Gem Testing
· Webster R. : Practical Gemmology
· Bates : Geology of Industrial Rocks and Minerals
· Roy: Indian Mineral Resources
· Baungart, Dunham and Amstutz : Process Mineralogy of Ceramic Materials
· Krumbein and Sloss: Stratigraphy and Sedimentation
· Dunbar and Rogers: Principles of stratigraphy
· Hedberg: International Stratigraphy guide
· Harland et., al.: A geological time scale
· Lemon Roy R.: Principles of Stratigraphy
· Weller: Stratigraphic principles and practice
· Brenner and Mc Hargue: Integrative Stratigraphy
· Boardman R.S., Cheetham A.H., Rowell A.J.: Fossil invertebrates
· Clarkston E.N.K.: Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution
· John R. Haynes, Hohn Wiley and Sons : Foraminifera
· M.D. Brasier: Microfossils
· Swinnerton; Outline of Palaeontology
· Moore Lalicker and Figher: Invertebrate Palaeontology
· Remer: Vertebrate Palaeontology
· Shrock and Twenhofel : Principles of invertebrate Palaeontology
· Arnold : Introduction to Palaeobotany
8
· Bignot G: Elements of Micropalaeontology. The microfossils, their Geological and
Palaeobiological applications
· Clobert E.H.: Evolution of the Vertebrates
· Brown and Mussett: The inaccessible Earth
· Jackson (ed.): The Earths Mantle
· Stacy: Physics of the Earth
· Melchior: The physics of the Earths Core: An Introduction
· Jacobs, Russels and Wilson: Physics and Geology
· Sheidegger: Principles of Geodynamics
· Van Bemmelen: Developments in Geotectonics No.2 (Geodynamics Model: An
evaluation and synthesis)
· Jeffreys: The Earth: Its origin, History and Physical constitution
· Kauls: An Introduction to Planetary Physics
· Paragon Press: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
· Takanaki and Kanamori: Debate about the Earth
· Pettijohn: Sedimentary Rocks
· Blatt, Middleton and Murry: Origin of Sedimentary Rocks
· Reineck and Singh: Sedimentary Depositional Environments
· Carozzi: Patrography of Sedimentary Rocks
· Carver: Procedures in Sedimentary petrology
· Potter and Pettijohn: Palaeocurrents and Basin analysis
9
SEMESTER- I
GL105: PRACTICALS RELATED TO GL 101 to GL 104
Unit 1: Practicals for GL 101:
1. Study of interference figures – determination of optical sign of minerals,
determination of composition of plagioclase feldspars by Michel Levy method –
determination of birefringence of minerals with the help of Berek Compensators
– Scheme of Pleochroism
2. Construction of Stereograms and Gnomonograms
3. Study of rock forming minerals in thin sections
4. Study of rock forming minerals in hand specimens
Unit 2: Practicals for GL 102:
1. Construction of rank charts for lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy &
chronostratigraphy.
2. Construction of graphical logs for text descriptions.
3. Exercises in correlation from given data or logs.
4. Study of morphology of Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods, Echinoids,
Brachiopods.
5. Separation, processing, wet sieve analyses, preparation of slides of microfossils.
(Demonstration only)
6. Morphology and morphological descriptions of planktonic & benthonic
foraminifera, Ostracodes.
7. Morphology of Radiolaria , Diatoms, pollen and spores
8. Construction of range charts,
Unit 3: Practicals for GL 103:
1. Rapid analyses of rocks for determination of major oxides by
volumetric /gravimetric/colorimetric methods.
2. Introduction to the use of instrumental technique of analyses
of rocks, soil & water.
a. Spectrophotometry
b. Flame photometry
c. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (Demonstration only)
d. High Performance Ion Chromatography (Demonstration only)
3. Plotting of chemical data on variation diagrams.
4. Problems related to seismic, geomagnetic, gravity data &
its interpretation.
5. Problems related to use of isotopic methods &
determinations of age of the rocks.
10
Unit 4: Practicals for GL- 104:
1. Size Analysis (Procedures, Cumulative carve, Histogram,
Visher’s curve and Statistical calculation)
2. Shape analysis (Calculation and Classification)
3. Heavy mineral analysis (Procedure and identification)
4. Megascopic studies of conglomerate and breccia
5. Megascopic and microscopic study of sandstone.
6. Megascopic and microscopic study of limestone
7. Sedimentary structure (Identification and classification)
8. Paleocurrent and basin analysis calculation
11
SEMESTER- II
GL-201: IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
UNITS: TOPICS No. of Lectures
Unit 1: Role of magma in Geological processes 12
Magma definition and source of magma
Anatomy of the earth
Geochemical and Geophysical jargon
Magmatism and plate tectonics
Physical properties of magma-Geochemical gradient,
Heat source
Igneous activity of the present day
Textures and structures of Igneous rocks
Classification of Igneous rocks-historic perspective and the IUGS system.
Unit 2: Geochemical tracers of mantle processes 12
Introduction
Continental & oceanic mantle lithosphere
MORB and depleted mantle
Evolution of depleted mantle
OIB and Enriched mantle
Evolution of Enriched mantle – metasomatic processes
Island arc basalts
Concept of hot spots
Mantle Plumes-Theory and structure
Re-Os Isotope systematics
Trace element characterizations of mantle domains
Unit 3: Magma Crystallization and Evolution 12
Phase relations of the silicates and silicate melts
Binary and Ternary systems
Partial melting
Magmatic differentiation – Crystal fractionation, gravitational
Settling, flow differentiation, flow crystallisation, filter pressing, liquid immiscibility.
Zone melting
Contamination
Mixing of magmas
Role of volatile components
12
Unit 4: Petrogenetic provinces 12
Continental areas: Volcanic- Flood basalts- Tholeiites(Deccan Trap, Columbia River
basalts, Parna basalts)
Layered gabbroic intrusions: The Bushveld complex,skaergaard intrusion, Still water
complex.
Plutonic: Carbonatites and alkaline rock complexes of India
Oceanic Rift valleys: MORB- Tholeiites-Ophiolites
Granites, andesites, kimberlites, anorthosites.
Total No. of Lectures 48
GL-202: METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY
Unit 1: Concepts and Theory 12
Historical background
Types of Metamorphism and their controlling factors
Common minerals of metamorphic rocks
Field observations, petrographic classification of common metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic facies and facies series
Unit 2: Effects of Metamorphism 12
Phase diagrams and graphic representation of mineral assemblages
Prograde and retrograde metamorphism, Matasomatism
Deformation textures and textures related to recrystallisation
Metamorphic reactions, elemental exchange and Pressure – Temperature conditions of
Isograds
Unit 3: Metamorphism types and products 12
Regional and thermal metamorphism of pelitic rocks.
Regional and thermal metamorphism of basic and ultrabasic rocks
Regional and thermal metamorphism of impure,silicious carbonate rocks
Metamorphism of Granitoides, Charnockites and Migmatites
Unit 4: Metamorphism in space and time 12
Plate tectonics and metamorphic processes
Paired metamorphic belts, Archaean and Proterozoic terrains
Extraterrestrial Metamorphism (Impact and Shock Metamorphism) polymetamorphism
Total No. of Lectures 48
13
GL-203: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND TECTONICS
Unit 1: Structural Geology 24
Behaviour of rock material under stress, strain analysis
Classification and genesis of folds, faults, lineations, foliations, joints and fractures
Scope of structural analysis, concept of Tectonite fabric and Tectonite symmetry
Structural analysis on microscopic , mesoscopic and macroscopic scales
Unit 2: Tectonics 24
Structure and physical characters of continental and oceanic crust
Continental drift, seafloor spreading and Plate Tectonics, Structure and Tectonics of
divergent margins, transform faults, convergent margins
Tectonic framework of India
Neotectonics – Features and evidences – Characteristic landforms, methods of analysis
Case studies of Orogenic belts
Total No. of Lectures 48
14
GL204: GEOMORPHOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING IN GEOLOGY
Unit 1: Geomorphology 24
Introduction : Development, Scope, Geomorphic concepts, Types and Tools
Landforms: Role of Lithology, peneplaination, endogenous and exogenous forces
responsible, climatic and Tectonic factors and rejuvenation of landforms
Denudational processes : Weathering , erosion, transportation, weathering products and
soils – profiles, types, duricrusts
Hillslopes : Their characteristics and development, fluvial processes on hillslopes
River and drainage basin: Drainage pattern, network characteristics, Valleys and their
development, processes of river erosion, transportation and deposition
Landforms produced by geomorphic agents: Fluvial, Coastal , Glacial and Aeolian
landforms
Geomorphic indicators of neotectonic movements : Stream channel morphology
changes , drainage modifications, fault reactivation, Uplift – subsidence pattern in
coastal areas
Applied Geomorphology : Application in Geohydrology, Engineering Geology and
Environmental studies
Geomorphology of India: Geomorphical features and zones
Unit 2: Remote Sensing 24
Electromagnetic radiation – types and sources
Interaction of EMR with earth, reflectance – absorption – emittance and transmittance
Black, white and grey bodies
Different methods of Remote Sensing based on atmospheric windows
Aerial photographs – classification, types
Principles of photogrammetry
Calculations of heights and slopes from aerial photographs
Aerial photointerpretation – photo recognition elements of black and white aerial
photographs
Interpretation of different geological features on B/W aerial photographs
Remote sensing from space – space crafts and sensors
Landsat, Skylab, Seasat and other foreign systems of satellites and their interpretation
for geological and other studies
Space research in India – Bhaskara and IRS systems and their applications,Thermal IR
remote sensing and its applications, Microwave remote sensing and its applications
Total No. of Lectures 48
15
Text Books for Semester – II
· Barker – Igneous rock
· Magmatic rocks – Middle most
· Igneous rocks – Rock
· Philpot – Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Jackson (ed) –Earths Mantle
· Davis – Earth Dynamics
· Yoder - Basalt
· Yoder& Tilly – Basaltic Magnetism
· Jackson Lan (ed) –The Earths Mantle : Composition , Structure and Evolution
· Davis G.F. – Dynamic Earth : Plates , Plumes and Mantle Conviction
· Turner & Varhoogen : Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Philpotts : Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Harker : Metamorphism
· Turner : Metamorphic Petrology
· Wrinkler : Petrogeneous of Metamorphic Rock
· Miyashiro : Metamorphism and Metomorphic Belts
· Yardly : An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
· Spry: Metamorphic Structures
· Best: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
· Patwardhan : The Dynamic Earth System
· E.M.Moores & R.J. Twiss : Tectonics
· Valdiya : Aspects of Tectonics – Focus on South Central Asia
· V.V. Beloussov: Geotectonics
· Condie : Plate Tectonics and Crystal Evolution
· Billings : Structural Geology
· Badgley : Structural and Tectonics Principles
· Turner & Weiss: Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonic
· Ramsay : Folding and Fracturing of Rock
· Desittar : Structural Geology
· Sander: Introduction to Deformation of Geologic bodies
· Miller & Miller : Photogeology
· Ramsay : Trends in Geological Remote Sensing
· Lillysand & Kaifer : Remote Sensing and Image interpretation
· Pandey : Photogeology
· Thombury : Principles of Geomorphology
· Rice : Fundamentals of Geomorphology
· Kale & Gupta : Introduction to Geomorphology
· A.D. Howward and I Remson : Geology in Environmental Planning
16
SEMESTER- II
GL205: PRACTICALS RELATED TO GL 201 TO GL-204
Unit 1: Practicals for GL-201
1. Characterisation of Igneous rocks, textures and structures
2. Characterisation of following rock type under microscope
a. Ultrabasic rocks
b. Basic Igneous rocks
c. Intermediate Igneous rocks
d. Acid Igneous rocks
e. Alkaline Igneous rocks
3. CIPW normative calculations for Igneous rocks
4. Use of trace elements in Igneous rock petrogenesis
Unit 2: Practicals for GL-202
1. Study of metamorphic rocks in hand specimens and thin sections :
Metamorphic mineral assemblages with respect to metamorphic facies
and grades
2 Use of ACF, AKF and AFM diagrams
3. Use of rock composition diagrams
4. Calculation of Pressure – Temperature conditions from the composition
of co-existing minerals assemblages serving as geothermometers and
geobarometers
Unit 3: Practicals for GL-203
1. Solution to structural geology problem by orthographic and
stereographic methods
2. Completion of outcrops, construction of structural sections
and interpretation of geological maps
3. Plotting and interpretation of mesoscopic structural data
Unit 4: Practicals for GL-204
1. Determination of photo scale
2. Determination of height of objects, dip of bed , slope and thickness of beds by
parallax bar
3. Study of landforms and interpretation of lithology and structure from aerial
photograph and satellite images
4. Tracing of lineament and rosettes and their interpretation
5. Drainage basin and network morphometry
6. Relief and slope analyses – profiles and maps
7. Identification of landform on toposheets, aerial photographs and satellite images
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